单模仪器大气折射的研究--应用于AMBER/VLTI
Study of the atmospheric refraction in a single mode instrument - Application to AMBER/VLTI
摘要：
本文研究了大气折射对单模光纤仪器中光耦合效率的影响。我们显示的分析方法，使我们能够评估需要纠正的折射在J-和H-波段，同时观察8米单位望远镜。然后，我们开发了数值模拟，以进一步进行计算。对仪器特性的假设是AMBER（天文多波束组合器），甚大望远镜干涉测量模式（VLTI）的近红外焦波束组合器，但大多数结论可以推广到其他单模仪器。我们使用软件包caos（Code for Adaptive Optics Systems）来考虑经ESO系统MACAO（Multi-Application Curvature自适应光学）校正后的大气湍流效应。然后详细介绍了AMBER大气折射校正系统的光机研究与设计。结果表明，在某些天顶距z和光谱条件下，大气折射比大气湍流更显著：例如在J波段，当z大于30{ \circ }时。光学系统的研究表明，它可以实现所需的仪器性能方面的吞吐量在J-和H-波段。首次在距天顶30{ \circ }以上的J波段对一颗明亮的α-Cir星进行观测，清楚地显示了单模仪器控制大气折射的增益，验证了工作规律。
英文摘要：
This paper presents a study of the atmospheric refraction and its effect on the light coupling efficiency in an instrument using single-mode optical fibers. We show the analytical approach which allowed us to assess the need to correct the refraction in J- and H-bands while observing with an 8-m Unit Telescope. We then developed numerical simulations to go further in calculations. The hypotheses on the instrumental characteristics are those of AMBER (Astronomical Multi BEam combineR), the near infrared focal beam combiner of the Very Large Telescope Interferometric mode (VLTI), but most of the conclusions can be generalized to other single-mode instruments. We used the software package caos (Code for Adaptive Optics Systems) to take into account the atmospheric turbulence effect after correction by the ESO system MACAO (Multi-Application Curvature Adaptive Optics). The opto-mechanical study and design of the system correcting the atmospheric refraction on AMBER is then detailed. We showed that the atmospheric refraction becomes predominant over the atmospheric turbulence for some zenith angles z and spectral conditions: for z larger than 30{\circ} in J-band for example. The study of the optical system showed that it allows to achieve the required instrumental performance in terms of throughput in J- and H-bands. First observations in J-band of a bright star, alpha Cir star, at more than 30{\circ} from zenith clearly showed the gain to control the atmospheric refraction in a single mode instrument, and validated the operating law.
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