Combined HERA Deep Inelastic Scattering Data and NLO QCD Fits
C. Gwenlan
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11 pages, 6 figures, prepared for the proceedings of the Ringberg Workshop on "New Trends in HERA Physics 2008", Ringberg Castle, Tegernsee, Oct 5-10, 2008
Previously published data on inclusive neutral and charged current e+p and e-p deep inelastic scattering from HERA have been combined. The new, model-independent method of combining the measured cross sections takes full account of correlated systematics in a coherent way, leading to significantly reduced uncertainties in the combined measurement across the (x, Q^2) plane. The combined cross section data have been used as the sole input for a new next-to-leading order QCD fit to extract the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. The PDFs extracted have greatly reduced experimental uncertainties, compared to separate QCD analyses on data from H1 and ZEUS. Model uncertainties, including those arising from the parameterisation dependence, have also been carefully considered. The resulting HERA PDFs have impressive precision.
This paper summarizes a talk presented at the Durham HERA '98 Workshop. We compare the features that are available in NLO pQCD programs and demonstrate that understanding where in phase space NLO calculations are accurate is vital for extracting information from measurements at the HERA experiments.
The production of charm and beauty quarks in ep collisions at HERA has been studied by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations. Charm production is generally well described in total rate and in shape by next to leading order (NLO) calculations in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD), although in specific phase space corners the NLO calculations underestimate the observed cross sections. More and more beauty production data are becoming available. For this process, NLO QCD predictions tend to be lower than the measurements.
The evidence from HERA for parton saturation, and other low-$x$ effects beyond the conventional DGLAP formalism, is recalled and critically reviewed in the light of new data and analyses presented at the conference.
With the H1 detector at the ep collider HERA, D* meson production cross sections have been measured in deep inelastic scattering with four-momentum transfers Q^2>2 GeV2 and in photoproduction at energies around W(gamma p)~ 88 GeV and 194 GeV. Next-to-Leading Order QCD calculations are found to describe the differential cross sections within theoretical and experimental uncertainties. Using these calculations, the NLO gluon momentum distribution in the proton, x_g g(x_g), has been extracted in the momentum fraction range 7.5x10^{-4}< x_g <4x10^{-2} at average scales mu^2 =25 to 50 GeV2. The glu…
A recent H1 measurement of triple differential dijet cross sections in electron-proton interactions in the region of photon virtualities 2<Q2<80 GeV is presented and compared to LO and NLO QCD predictions. Effects that go beyond the fixed-order NLO QCD calculations are identified.
HERA has provided a wealth of high precision structure function and jet production data, allowing considerable progress to be made in understanding the structure of the proton. In this paper, several of the most recent proton structure results from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA are presented. These include results from NLO QCD fits, neutral current deep inelastic scattering and jet production at high transverse energy.
The ZEUS inclusive cross-section data from HERA-I, for charged and neutral current processes, taken with $e^+$ and $e^-$ beams, have been used in a new NLO QCD analysis to extract the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton within a single experiment. The precision of the high-$x$ gluon determination is improved by using ZEUS differential cross-section data on inclusive jet production in $e^+p$ scattering and di-jet production in $γ-p$ scattering
The latest measurements of the cross sections for neutral and charged current deep inelastic scattering in e+/-p collisions at HERA with longitudinally polarised lepton beams are presented. The measured cross sections are compared with the predictions of the Standard Model. Next-to-leading-order QCD analyses of HERA data are also presented. The analyses yield the parton distribution functions of the proton and are extended to also extract electroweak parameters. The determinations from HERA are compared with those from LEP and the Tevatron.
Inclusive jet cross sections in photoproduction for events containing a $D^*$ meson have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of $78.6 {\rm pb}^{-1}$. The events were required to have a virtuality of the incoming photon, $Q^2$, of less than 1 GeV$^2$, and a photon-proton centre-of-mass energy in the range $130<W_{γp}<280 {\rm GeV}$. The measurements are compared with next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD calculations. Good agreement is found with the NLO calculations over most of the measured kinematic region. Requiring a second jet in the event allowed a more …
Jet cross sections in deep-inelastic scattering over a wide region of phase space have been measured at HERA. These cross section measurements provide a thorough test of the implementation of Quantum Chromodynamics in next-to-leading order (NLO) calculations. They also provide the opportunity to test the consistency of the gluon distribution in the proton as extracted from (mainly) inclusive DIS measurements. Comparison of the cross sections with NLO enables accurate extractions of the strong coupling constant, $α_s$, to be made, several of which are reported here.
Selected new results from the H1 and ZEUS collaborations on $ep$ interactions at 300 - 318 GeV centre-of-mass energy are presented. The full pre-upgrade integrated luminosity of HERA of 110 pb$^{-1}$ is used. Charm cross sections are measured up to high values of $x_B$ and $Q^2$ and are found to be well described by NLO QCD in the 3 flavour scheme. Orbitally excited $D$ mesons are observed; radial excitations are searched for, but are not seen. The first $b$ cross section measurement is confirmed with a lifetime based method, establishing the excess over NLO QCD.
The measurement and QCD analysis of neutral and charged current cross sections at HERA are presented. For the kinematic range of four-momentum transfer Q^2 between approx. 1 GeV^2 and 30000 GeV^2 and Bjorken x between 0.0013 and 0.65 the data are compared to NLO QCD predictions. In dedicated NLO QCD analyses the extraction of the parton distribution functions of the proton is performed. Results for the measurement of the strong coupling constant alpha_s are presented.
We report the latest results of the ZEUS collaboration on the photoproduction of D* mesons in a low W range. Differential cross sections as function of pt(D*) and eta(D*) are measured and compared with several recent NLO pQCD calculations. The differential cross-sections in a restricted kinematical region are higher than the NLO calculations, in particular in the forward (proton) direction. A recent pQCD model (BKL) describes the data reasonably well.
We study inclusive $J/ψ$ photoproduction at NLO at large $P_T$ at HERA and the EIC. Our computation includes NLO QCD leading-$P_T$ corrections, QED contributions via an off-shell photon as well as those from $J/ψ$+charm channels. For the latter, we employ the variable-flavour-number scheme. Our results are found to agree with the latest HERA data by H1 and provide, for the first time, a reliable estimate of the EIC reach for such a measurement. Finally, we demonstrate the observability of $J/ψ$+charm production and the sensitivy to probe the non-perturbative charm content of the proton at high…
Inclusive charm meson production cross sections in the deep inelastic scattering and photoproduction regimes are compared with QCD leading and next-to-leading (NLO) calculations. The NLO predictions are significantly below the data in some parts of the measured kinematic range. Angular distributions of dijet events with charm show clear evidence for the existence of charm originating from the incoming photon. The charm fragmentation function is measured for the first time at HERA. Various fragmentation ratios and the fragmentation fractions of the low-lying charm hadrons are determined and com…
Recent results on the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and prompt photon productions from H1 and ZEUS experiments on the $ep$ collider HERA are presented. A new DVCS cross section measurements of the H1 Collaboration, for photon virtualities $Q^2>4$ GeV$^2$ and photon-proton c.m.s. energy $30<W<140$ GeV, are discussed and compared to NLO QCD calculations encoding Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) and to Colour Dipole model predictions. For the first time the cross section dependence is reported on the momentum transfer squared at the proton vertex, $t$. Prompt photon production i…
The latest results of beauty quark production measurements at HERA are presented. New measurements have been obtained both in the photoproduction and the deep inelastic scattering regimes. The results were compared with the NLO QCD calculations.
Precision measurements of diffraction have been performed by the H1 and ZEUS experiments at the HERA collider with high statistics for a wide kinematic range of photon virtuality $Q^2$. The diffractive parton densities are extracted by performing the NLO DGLAP QCD fits to diffractive data and can be used to test QCD factorisation with diffractive final states.
The H1 and ZEUS Collaborations have performed new next-to-leading order QCD analyses to determine the parton density functions of the proton. QCD fits are performed using inclusive neutral and charged deep inelastic scattering cross sections from HERA-I. The fits include a full treatment of experimental systematic uncertainties, taking into account point-to-point correlations. The extracted parton densities are in agreement with those from global fits. Since HERA inclusive data provide no direct information on the high-x gluon, an independent fit has been performed by the ZEUS Collaboration in…
A procedure of implementing QCD corrections in Monte Carlo programs by a reweighting method is described for the photoproduction of W bosons at HERA. Tables for W boson production in LO and NLO are given in bins of the transverse momentum of the W boson and its rapidity.
Data on jet production in deep inelastic e^+ p scattering are presented. The results are compared with pQCD calculations. At low Q^2 no consistent description of the data over all the phase space is available yet. At high Q^2 (>150 GeV^2) the data are well described by pQCD in NLO.
Inclusive jet differential cross sections for the reaction e+ p --> e+ + jet + X with quasi-real photons have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA. These cross sections are given for the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy interval 134 < W < 277 GeV and jet pseudorapidity in the range -1 < eta(jet) < 2 in the laboratory frame. The results are presented for three cone radii in the eta-phi plane, R=1.0, 0.7 and 0.5. Measurements of dsigma/deta(jet) above various jet-transverse-energy thresholds up to 25 GeV and in three ranges of W are presented and compared to next-to-leading order (NLO…
The Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) $γ^* p \to γp$ cross section has been measured with the H1 detector at HERA with an increased precision and in an extended kinematic domain: at photon virtualities $4<Q^2<80$ GeV$^2$, and photon-proton c.m.s. energy $30<W<140$ GeV. The measurement is compared to NLO QCD calculations and to Colour Dipole model predictions.
Measurements of hard diffractive final states performed with the H1 experiment at HERA are presented and confronted with leading order and next-to-leading order QCD predictions based on diffractive parton densities to test QCD factorisation in diffraction
Jet cross sections were measured in charged current deep inelastic e+-p scattering at high boson virtualities Q^2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA II using an integrated luminosity of 0.36 fb^-1. Differential cross sections are presented for inclusive-jet production as functions of Q^2, Bjorken x and the jet transverse energy and pseudorapidity. The dijet invariant mass cross section is also presented. Observation of three- and four-jet events in charged-current e+-p processes is reported for the first time. The predictions of next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD calculations are compared to the meas…
Measurements of open charm production cross sections in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations are combined. Reduced cross sections sigma_red^{c\bar{c}} for charm production are obtained in the kinematic range of photon virtuality 2.5<Q2<2000 GeV2 and Bjorken scaling variable 0.00003<x<0.05. The combination method accounts for the correlations of the systematic uncertainties among the different data sets. The combined charm data together with the combined inclusive deep-inelastic scattering cross sections from HERA are used as input for a detailed NLO QCD anal…
Inclusive photoproduction of D*+- mesons has been measured for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies in the range 130 < W < 280 GeV and a photon virtuality Q^2 < 1 GeV^2. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 37 pb^-1. Total and differential cross sections as functions of the D* transverse momentum and pseudorapidity are presented in restricted kinematical regions and the data are compared with next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD calculations using the "massive charm" and "massless charm" schemes. The measured cross sections are generally above the NLO calcul…
Recent results on jet production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering and high energy photoproduction at the HERA electron-proton-collider are briefly reviewed. The results are compared to QCD expectations in NLO and $α_s$ determinations using these data are summarized.
A measurement of inclusive jet cross-sections in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA is presented based on data with an integrated luminosity of 21.1 pb^-1. The measurement is performed for photon virtualities Q^2 between 5 and 100 GeV^2, differentially in Q^2, in the jet transverse energy E_T, in E_T^2/Q^2 and in the pseudorapidity eta_lab. With the renormalization scale mu_R = E_T, perturbative QCD calculations in next-to-leading order (NLO) give a good description of the data in most of the phase space. Significant discrepancies are observed only for jets in the proton beam direction with …
Dijet cross sections from the original 1994 ZEUS data analysis are shown compared to NLO calculations. New 1995 cross sections are shown compared to Monte Carlo predictions. The fraction of dijet events with a rapidity gap inbetween the jets is also presented for the new 1995 data.
Inclusive D* production is measured in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA with the H1 detector. In addition, the production of dijets in events with a D* meson is investigated. The analysis covers values of photon virtuality 2< Q^2 <=100 GeV^2 and of inelasticity 0.05<= y <= 0.7. Differential cross sections are measured as a function of Q^2 and x and of various D* meson and jet observables. Within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties all measured cross sections are found to be adequately described by next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD calculations, based on the photon-gluon fusion pro…
PDF fits in the HERAPDF1.0 formalism have been made to the combined HERA-I inclusive data and the newly combined $F_2$(charm) data from the H1 and ZEUS experiments. The charm data are found to be sensitive to the value of the charm mass and the choice of the heavy quark scheme. This has consequences for the predictions of $W$ and $Z$ cross sections at the LHC.
Prompt photons, together with an accompanying jet, have been studied in the photoproduction regime of ep scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Predictions based on leading-logarithm parton-shower Monte Carlo models and next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD underestimate the gamma+jet cross sections for transverse energies of prompt photons below 7 GeV, while the kT-factorisation QCD calculation agrees with the data in this region.
The photoproduction of prompt photons, together with an accompanying jet, has been studied in ep collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 77 pb-1. Cross sections were measured for the transverse energy of the photon and the jet larger than 5 and 6 GeV, respectively. The differential gamma+jet cross sections were reconstructed as functions of the transverse energy, pseudorapidity and x_gamma^obs, the fraction of the incoming photon momentum taken by the photon-jet system. Predictions based on leading-logarithm parton-showe…
The HERAPDF1.0 PDF set, which was an NLO QCD analysis based on H1 and ZEUS combined inclusive cross section data from HERA-I, has been updated to HERAPDF1.5 by including preliminary inclusive cross section data from HERA-II running. Studies have also been made by adding various other HERA data sets: combined charm data, combined low energy run data and H1 and ZEUS jet data. These data give information on the treatment of charm and the charm quark mass and on the value of $α_s(M_Z)$. The PDF analysis has also been extended to NNLO. The PDFs give a good description of Tevatron and early LHC data…
Triple differential dijet cross sections in e^\pm p interactions are presented in the region of photon virtualities 2<Q^2<80GeV^2, inelasticities 0.1<y<0.85, jet transverse energies E_T1>7GeV, E_T2>5GeV, and pseudorapidities -2.5 < eta_1^*, eta_2^* <0. The measurements are made in the gamma^* p centre-of-mass frame, using an integrated luminosity of 57pb^-1. The data are compared with NLO QCD calculations and LO Monte Carlo programs with and without a resolved virtual photon contribution. NLO QCD calculations fail to describe the region of low Q^2 and low jet transverse energies, in contrast t…
Recent diffractive structure function measurements by the H1 and ZEUS experiments at HERA are reviewed. Various data sets, obtained using systematically different selection and reconstruction methods, are compared. NLO DGLAP QCD fits are performed to the most precise H1 and ZEUS data and diffractive parton densities are obtained in each case. Differences between the Q^2 dependences of the H1 and ZEUS data are reflected as differences between the diffractive gluon densities.
After the completion of data taking at HERA-2, a large data set is at hand to study the photoproduction of charm and beauty quarks in ep collisions. New measurements of charm production based on D^* meson tagging and beauty production based on muon and electron reconstruction test perturbative QCD calculations with improved accuracy. In general, QCD calculations at NLO describe the data well. The scale uncertainties are, however, large and dominate over the experimental uncertainties, calling for more precise calculations.
Recent structure function results from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations are presented. The data cover a wide kinematic range of squared four-momentum transfers Q^2, from 0.2 GeV^2 to 30000 GeV^2, and Bjorken x between 5*10^-6 and 0.65. Data from both experiments have been combined, leading to significantly reduced experimental uncertainties. The combined measurements are analysed using a NLO QCD fit, and a set of parton density functions, HERAPDF1.0, is extracted. New direct measurements of the structure function F_L, making use of dedicated low energy runs of the HERA machine, are also presente…
The measurement of the beauty quark production cross section in deep inelastic scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA is presented. The cross section for beauty quarks, measured in the kinematic range $Q^2 > 2$ GeV$^2$ and $0.05 < y < 0.7$, and for events with at least one muon and one jet in the Breit frame, is somewhat above the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD prediction, but in agreement within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
I present a small selection of the many QCD studies that have been performed at HERA. I concentrate on results that have been made available in the past year. Results are presented on the QCD description of the parton density functions, determinations of alpha_S, jets and heavy flavour production. Where possible comparisons are made with next to leading order (NLO) QCD predictions. The neutral and charged current cross sections at very high Q^2 are also discussed.
High-Q^2 NC and CC DIS cross sections have been measured by H1 and ZEUS at HERA. Both NC and CC results based on data taken during the year 1994-2000 are in good agreement with Standard Model expectations. The structure function xF_3 is extracted from the NC cross sections and the mass of the W propagator is extracted from the CC cross sections. Valence quark distributions are derived by means of an NLO QCD fit.
A measurement of charm and beauty photoproduction at the electron proton collider HERA is presented based on the simultaneous detection of a D*^{\pm} meson and a muon. The correlation between the D* meson and the muon serves to separate the charm and beauty contributions and the analysis provides comparable sensitivity to both. The total and differential experimental cross sections are compared to LO and NLO QCD calculations. The measured charm cross section is in good agreement with QCD predictions including higher order effects while the beauty cross section is higher.
New and previously published measurements on the deep inelastic $ep$ scattering cross section by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations are presented. The uncertainties can be significantly reduced by a model independent combination procedure, which treats the systematic error correlations in a coherent way. The combined H1 and ZEUS measurements of the inclusive neutral and charged current cross sections are used to perform a common NLO QCD fit, called HERAPDF 0.1. The resulting set of parton density functions (PDFs) have a much improved experimental uncertainty compared to previous extractions using …
We present the interface between MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, a self-contained program that calculates cross sections up to next-to-leading order accuracy in an automated manner, and APPLgrid, a code that parametrises such cross sections in the form of look-up tables which can be used for the fast computations needed in the context of PDF fits. The main characteristic of this interface, which we dub aMCfast, is its being fully automated as well, which removes the need to extract manually the process-specific information for additional physics processes, as is the case with other matrix element calculato…
We present results for the photoproduction of inclusive prompt photons and for prompt photons accompanied by jets, measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Cross sections as a function of pseudorapidity and transverse energy are presented for 5 < E_T^γ< 10 GeV, E_T^{jet} > 5 GeV in the centre of mass energy range 120-270 GeV. Comparisons are made with predictions from leading logarithm parton shower Monte Carlos and next-to-leading order QCD calculations using currently available models of the photon structure. NLO QCD calculations describe the shape and magnitude of the measurements reasonabl…
Several recent measurements of charmed hadron production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA are reviewed. Cross sections for the production of D mesons were measured and compared to NLO QCD predictions. The charm contribution to the inclusive structure function F_{2} was extracted and compared to previous measurements and theoretical predictions. The reconstruction of decays with a neutral strange hadron in the final state allowed the measurement of charm production to be extended into the low transverse momentum region. The fraction of c quarks hadronising into Lambda_{c}^{+} baryons was ex…
New precise measurements of the neutral current cross section at HERA are presented in different Q^2 regimes. In the photoproduction limit the total gamma-p cross section is found to be in agreement with the universal soft Pomeron prediction. At medium scales 1.5 < Q^2 < 150 GeV^2 both the F_2 and the F_L structure functions are determined. These data are well described by NLO pQCD. The gluon density in the proton has been extracted from the scaling violation of F_2 at low x. The transition between the two regimes occurs at around Q^2=1 GeV^2.
Recent results on inclusive D^0 and D^{*+-} production in deeply inelastic ep scattering at sqrt(s)=301 GeV are summarized. The data have been collected by the H1 and ZEUS experiments at HERA. The total and the differential cross sections are discussed in the framework of LO and NLO QCD predictions. The data exhibit clear evidence for boson gluon fusion dominating open heavy flavor production in the kinematic range currently explored at HERA. The measurements of F_2^{cc}(x,Q^2) at small Bjorken x are presented. The prospects for future analyses of open charm and beauty production including det…
We calculate the cross section of diffractive dijet photoproduction in $ep$ scattering at next-to-leading order (NLO) of perturbative QCD (pQCD), which we supplement by a model of factorization breaking for the resolved-photon contribution. In this model, the suppression depends on the flavor and momentum fraction of the partons in the photon. We show that within experimental and theoretical uncertainties, the resulting approach provides a good description of the available HERA data in most of the bins. Hence, taken together with the observation that NLO pQCD explains well the data on diffract…
The cross section of inclusive diffractive process ep -> eXp was measured within a wide kinematic range in the H1 and ZEUS experiments at HERA. Results obtained by different experiments and methods are compatible within measurement uncertainties. The measurements were subjected to DGLAP next-to-leading order QCD global fits and the diffractive parton distribution functions (DPDFs) of the proton were determined with noticeably reduced uncertainties due to very high precision of the data. The gluon density precision was much improved in fits which also included data on dijet production in diffra…
A combination is presented of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations in neutral and charged current unpolarised ep scattering at HERA during the period 1994-2000. The data span six orders of magnitude in negative four-momentum-transfer squared, Q^2, and in Bjorken x. The combination method used takes the correlations of systematic uncertainties into account, resulting in an improved accuracy. The combined data are the sole input in a NLO QCD analysis which determines a new set of parton distributions, HERAPDF1.0, with small experimental uncertain…
The ZEUS inclusive differential cross-section data from HERA, for charged and neutral current processes taken with e+ and e- beams, together with differential cross-section data on inclusive jet production in e+ p scattering and dijet production in γp scattering, have been used in a new NLO QCD analysis to extract the parton distribution functions of the proton. The input of jet data constrains the gluon and allows an accurate extraction of α_s(M_Z) at NLO; α_s(M_Z) = 0.1183 \pm 0.0028(exp.) \pm 0.0008(model) An additional uncertainty from the choice of scales is estimated as \pm 0.005. This i…
HERA jet data, in addition to combined HERA inclusive data, are input to the HERAPDF NLO QCD analysis in order to further constrain the gluon PDF and to allow an accurate evaluation of $α_S(M_Z)$
The production of dijets is measured in diffractive deep-inelastic scattering at HERA. The data were recorded with the H1 detector at DESY in the years 2003-2007. Diffractive events are selected by requiring a gap in the rapidity distribution of the hadronic systen, where no particles are produced. Two jets are selected with transverse momenta in the hadronic-centre-of-mass system larger than 4 and 5.5GeV, respectively. Cross sections are measured single- and doubledifferentially in various kinematic quantities. The data are found to be in good agreement with NLO QCD calculations based on diff…
Inclusive production of D*+/- (2010) mesons in deep inelastic scattering has been measured using e+p and e-p data obtained with the ZEUS detector at HERA using integrated luminosities of 16.7 and 65.2 pb-1, respectively. The decay channel D*+/- -> D0 pi+ with D0 -> K- pi+ and corresponding antiparticle decays were used to identify D*+/- mesons. The D*+/- cross sections in e-p and e+p interactions agree with NLO QCD predictions, although the D*+/- cross section in e-p is slightly higher than that in e+p.
A simultaneous NLO QCD fit of the parton density functions (PDFs) of the proton and of the strong coupling $α_{S}(M_{Z})$ is presented. The analysis is based on combined H1 and ZEUS inclusive DIS cross section measurements together with inclusive jet cross section measurements provided by both H1 and ZEUS collaborations. The inclusion of the jet data significantly reduces the correlation between the gluon PDF and the strong coupling, improving the precision of the gluon PDF and providing an accurate determination of $α_{S}(M_{Z})$ using DIS data from HERA only.
Recent structure function results from H1 and ZEUS are presented. The data have been recorded in e+p and e-p collisions for both Neutral Current and Charged Current reactions, covering a wide kinematic range of squared four-momentum transfers Q2, from 0.2GeV2 to 30000GeV2, and Bjorken x between ~5*10-6 and 0.65. Data from both experiments have been combined, leading to significantly reduced experimental uncertainties. The combined measurements are analysed in a NLO QCD fit, and a set of parton density functions, HERAPDF1.0, is extracted from these data alone. New direct measurements of the str…
Inclusive event-shape variables have been measured in the current region of the Breit frame for neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering using an integrated luminosity of 45.0 pb^-1 collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The variables studied included thrust, jet broadening and invariant jet mass. The kinematic range covered was 10 < Q^2 < 20,480 GeV^2 and 6.10^-4 < x < 0.6, where Q^2 is the virtuality of the exchanged boson and x is the Bjorken variable. The Q dependence of the shape variables has been used in conjunction with NLO perturbative calculations and the Dokshitzer-Webber non…
Deep inelastic scattering cross section measurements previously published by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations are combined. The procedure takes into account the systematic error correlations in a coherent way, leading to a significantly reduced overall cross section uncertainty. The combined H1 and ZEUS measurements of the inclusive neutral and charged current cross sections are used to perform a common NLO QCD fit. The consistent treatment of systematic uncertainties in the joint data set ensures that the resulting set of parton density functions (PDFs) have a much reduced experimental uncertai…
