We present an X-ray imaging and spectroscopic study of a partially occulted C7.7 flare on 2003 April 24 observed by RHESSI that accompanied a prominence eruption observed by TRACE. (1) The activation and rise of the prominence occurs during the preheating phase of the flare. The initial X-ray emission appears as a single coronal source at one leg of the prominence and it then splits into a double source. Such a source splitting happens three times, each coinciding with an increased X-ray flux and plasma temperature, suggestive of fast reconnection in a localized current sheet and an enhanced energy release rate. In the late stage of this phase, the prominence displays a helical structure. These observations are consistent with the tether-cutting and/or kink instability model for triggering solar eruptions. (2) The eruption of the prominence takes place during the flare impulsive phase. Since then, there appear signatures predicted by the classical CSHKP model of two-ribbon flares occurring in a vertical current sheet trailing an eruption. These signatures include an EUV cusp and current-sheet-like feature (or ridge) above it. There is also X-ray emission along the EUV ridge both below and above the cusp, which in both regions appears closer to the cusp at higher energies in the thermal regime. This trend is reversed in the nonthermal regime. (3) Spectral analysis indicates thermal X-rays from all sources throughout the flare, while during the impulsive phase there is additional nonthermal emission which primarily comes from the coronal source below the cusp. This source also has a lower temperature, a higher emission measure, and a much harder nonthermal spectrum than the upper sources.
We employ an automated detection algorithm to perform a global study of solar prominence characteristics. We process four months of TESIS observations in the He II 304 A line taken close to the solar minimum of 2008-2009 and focus mainly on quiescent and quiescent-eruptive prominences. We detect a total of 389 individual features ranging from 25x25 to 150x500 Mm in size and obtain distributions of many their spatial characteristics, such as latitudinal position, height, size and shape. To study their dynamics, we classify prominences as either stable or eruptive and calculate their average cen…
Prominence eruption is closely related to coronal mass ejections and is an important topic in solar physics. Spectroscopic observation is an effective way to explore the plasma properties, but the spectral observations of eruptive prominences are rare. In this paper we will introduce an eruptive polar crown prominence with spectral observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), and try to explain some phenomena that are rarely reported in previous works. The eruptive prominence experiences a slow-rise and fast-rise phase, while the line-of-sight motions of the prominence p…
We investigate triggering, activation, and ejection of a solar eruptive prominence that occurred in a multi-polar flux system of active region NOAA 11548 on 2012 August 18 by analyzing data from AIA on board SDO, RHESSI, and EUVI/SECCHI on board STEREO. Prior to the prominence activation, we observed striking coronal activities in the form of a blowout jet which is associated with rapid eruption of a cool flux rope. Further, the jet-associated flux rope eruption underwent splitting and rotation during its outward expansion. These coronal activities are followed by the prominence activation dur…
MRT unstable plumes are observed in a loop-like eruptive prominence using SDO/AIA observations. The small-scale cavities are developed within the prominence, where perturbations trigger dark plumes (P1 \& P2) propagating with the speed of 35-46 km s$^{-1} $. The self-similar plume formation shows initially the growth of linear MRT unstable plume (P1), and thereafter the evolution of non-linear single mode MRT unstable second plume (P2). The Differential Emission Measure (DEM) analysis shows that plumes are less denser and hotter than the prominence. We have estimated the observational growth r…
Plasma diagnostic in eruptive prominences from SDO/AIA observations at 304 Å
上下文理论计算表明，当太阳辐射离开太阳表面时，它们的辐射输出会受到多普勒变暗或变亮效应的影响。目标。在本文中，我们询问是否可以在304 Å处电离氦第一共振线的极紫外（极紫外）观测中发现喷发日珥辐射输出变化的观测特征。我们还调查这些意见是否可以用来执行一个诊断的等离子体的爆发日珥。方法.我们首先在SDO/AIA数据库中查找合适的事件。任意选择的功能在304通道的强度的变化进行了研究，作为一个函数的速度在天空的平面。然后将这些结果与He II 304共振线的强度的新的非LTE辐射转移计算进行比较。结果我们发现，在这里研究的四个爆发的连续性的各个部分的强度的观测有时是一致的多普勒调光效应的He II 304的谱线。然而，在某些情况下，观察到304通道中的强度随速度增加，这与单独从多普勒调光效应所预期的相反。非LTE模型的使用，使我们能够解释不同的行为的强度的变化，在等离子体参数内的突出，特别是柱质量的等离子体和它的温度。结论.这里使用的非LTE模型比以前的计算中使用的模型更现实。他们能够从本研究中分析的SDO/AIA中定性重现观测范围。由于非LTE模型，我们可以从SDO/AIA在304 ° C的观测中推断出喷发过程中的等离子体参数。
Non-LTE Analysis of Pre-eruptive Prominence Plasma Parameters Effects on the Lyman-beta and Lyman-gamma Lines with Solar Orbiter SPICE Observations
University of Glasgow（格拉斯哥大学）；Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM（巴黎-萨克雷大学、巴黎西岱大学、法国原子能和替代能源委员会、法国国家科学研究中心、天体物理分子信息实验室）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）
Homologous flares are flares that occur repetitively in the same active region, with similar structure and morphology. A series of at least eight homologous flares occurred in active region NOAA 11237 over 16 - 17 June 2011. A nearby prominence/filament was rooted in the active region, and situated near the bottom of a coronal cavity. The active region was on the southeast solar limb as seen from SDO/AIA, and on the disk as viewed from STEREO/EUVI-B. The dual perspective allows us to study in detail behavior of the prominence/filament material entrained in the magnetic field of the repeatedly-…
The present study provides important details on homologous eruptions of a solar prominence that occurred in active region NOAA 10904 on 2006 August 22. We report on the preeruptive phase of the homologous feature as well as the kinematics and the morphology of a forth from a series of prominence eruptions that is critical in defining the nature of the previous consecutive eruptions. The evolution of the overlying coronal field during homologous eruptions is discussed and a new observational criterion for homologous eruptions is provided. We find a distinctive sequence of three activation perio…
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are tightly related to filament eruptions and usually are their continuation in the upper solar corona. It is common practice to divide all observed CMEs into fast and slow ones. Fast CMEs usually follow eruptive events in active regions near big sunspot groups and associated with major solar flares. Slow CMEs are more related to eruptions of quiescent prominences located far from active regions. We analyze ten eruptive events with particular attention to the events on 2013 September 29 and on 2016 January 26, one of which was associated with a fast CME, while ano…
We report on a statistical study of prominence eruptions (PEs) using a catalog of these events routinely imaged by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) in the 304 Å pass band. Using an algorithm developed as part of an LWS project, we have detected PEs in 304 Å synoptic images with 2-min cadence since May 2010. A catalog of these PEs is made available online (https://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/autope/). The 304 Å images are polar-transformed and divided by a background map (pixels with minimum intensity during one day) to get the ratio maps abov…
The first 48-antenna stage of the Siberian Radioheliograph (SRH) started single-frequency test observations early in 2016, and since August 2016 it routinely observes the Sun at several frequencies in the 4-8 GHz range with an angular resolution of 1-2 arc minutes and an imaging interval of about 12 seconds. With limited opportunities of the incomplete antenna configuration, a high sensitivity of about 100 Jy allows the SRH to contribute to the studies of eruptive phenomena along three lines. First, some eruptions are directly visible in SRH images. Second, some small eruptions are detectable …
Multi-Viewpoint Observation of a Failed Prominence Eruption on the Sun
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Northumbria University（诺森比亚大学）；University of Graz（格拉茨大学）；New Jersey Institute of Technology（新泽西理工学院）；University of New Hampshire（新罕布什尔大学）
The life of a solar active prominence, one of the most remarkable objects on the Sun, is full of dynamics; after first appearing on the Sun the prominence continuously evolves with various internal motions and eventually produces a global eruption toward the interplane- tary space. Here we report that the whole life of an active prominence is successfully re- produced by performing as long-term a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a magnetized prominence plasma as was ever done. The simulation reveals underlying dynamic processes that give rise to observed properties of an active prominence: in…
A number of solar filaments/prominences demonstrate failed eruptions, when a filament at first suddenly starts to ascend and then decelerates and stops at some greater height in the corona. The mechanism of the termination of eruptions is not clear yet. One of the confining forces able to stop the eruption is the gravity force. Using a simple model of a partial current-carrying torus loop anchored to the photosphere and photospheric magnetic field measurements as the boundary condition for the potential magnetic field extrapolation into the corona, we estimated masses of 15 eruptive filaments.…
We report a new, plasmoid-fed scenario for the formation of an eruptive prominence (PF$^2$), involving reconnection and condensation. We use grid-adaptive resistive two-and-a-half-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations in a chromosphere-to-corona setup to resolve this plasmoid-fed scenario. We study a pre-existing flux rope (FR) in the low corona that suddenly erupts due to catastrophe, which also drives a fast shock above the erupting FR. A current sheet (CS) forms underneath the erupting FR, with chromospheric matter squeezed into it. The plasmoid instability occurs and multiple m…
Spectropolarimetric observations of prominences have been obtained with the THEMIS telescope during four years of coordinated campaigns. Our aim is now to understand the conditions of the cool plasma and magnetism in `atypical' prominences, namely when the measured inclination of the magnetic field departs, to some extent, from the predominantly horizontal field found in `typical' prominences. What is the role of the magnetic field in these prominence types? Are plasma dynamics more important in these cases than the magnetic support? We focus our study on three types of `atypical' prominences …
Herringbone structures during an X-class eruptive flare
Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气国家重点实验室）；Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院云南天文台）；Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science（云南省太阳物理与空间科学重点实验室）；School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications（南京邮电大学理学院）
Context. Prominence eruptions provide key observations to understand the launch of coronal mass ejections as their cold plasma traces a part of the unstable magnetic configuration. Aims. We select a well observed case to derive observational constraints for eruption models. Methods. We analyze the prominence eruption and loop expansion and contraction observed on 02 March 2015 associated with a GOES M3.7 class flare (SOL2015-03-02T15:27) using the data from Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). We study the prominence eruption…
We analyze 16 failed filament eruptions observed near 24 solar cycle maximum from May 2013 to July 2014. No significant rotation of filament spines is observed during the ascent in all studied failed eruptions, which does not support kink-instability mechanism of triggering the eruptions. We calculate potential magnetic field distributions in the corona above the initial locations of the filaments to study their height dependence. In seven events, the vertical profiles of the decay index $n$ are monotonic. The other nine events occur in the regions with the switchback or saddle-like n-profiles…
Using the multi-temperature observations from SDO/AIA on 30th December 2019, we provide a signature of prominence driven forced magnetic reconnection in the corona and associated plasma dynamics during 09:20 UT to 10:38 UT. A hot prominence segment erupts with a speed of 21 km/s and destabilises the entire prominence system. Thereafter, it rose upward in the north during 09:28 UT to 09:48 UT with a speed of 24 km/s. The eruptive prominence stretches overlying field lines upward with the speed of 27-28 km/s , which further undergo into the forced reconnection. The coronal plasma also flows in s…
Spectroscopic He I 1083 nm prominence eruption observations in the middle corona with MLSO/UCoMP
Taylor University（泰勒大学）；Southwest Research Institute（西南研究所）；High Altitude Observatory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research（高山观测站，美国国家科学基金会国家大气研究中心）
利用MLSO/UCoMP在He I 1083 nm观测中探测日珥喷射，提供动态行为信息以改进空间天气预报。
Magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) are believed to be at the heart of solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A well-known example is the prominence cavity in the low corona that sometimes makes up a three-part white-light (WL) CME upon its eruption. Such a system, which is usually observed in quiet-Sun regions, has long been suggested to be the manifestation of an MFR with relatively cool filament material collecting near its bottom. However, observational evidence of eruptive, filament-hosting MFR systems has been elusive for those originating in active regions. By utilizing multi-passband extreme-ultr…
The energy release and build-up processes in the solar corona have significant implications in particular for the case of large recurrent flares, which pose challenging questions about the conditions that lead to the episodic energy release processes. It is not yet clear whether these events occur due to the continuous supply of free magnetic energy to the solar corona or because not all of the available free magnetic energy is released during a single major flaring event. In order to address this question, we report on the evolution of photospheric magnetic field and the associated net Lorent…
Quiescent solar prominences are observed to exist within the solar atmosphere for up to several solar rotations. Their eruption is commonly preceded by a slow increase in height that can last from hours to days. This increase in the prominence height is believed to be due to their host magnetic flux rope transitioning through a series of neighbouring quasi-equilibria before the main loss-of-equilibrium that drives the eruption. Recent work suggests that the removal of prominence mass from a stable, quiescent flux rope is one possible cause for this change in height. However, these conclusions …
Energy release from impacting prominence material following the 2011 June 7 eruption
太阳暗条表现出一系列类似喷发的动态活动，从暗条质量和周围磁结构的全部或部分喷发（如日冕物质抛射（CME））到完全受限或“失败”的喷发。2011年6月7日，SDO和STEREO上的多台仪器观察到一个巨大的丝状体部分喷发。这一事件的一个有趣的方面是太阳大气层的反应，因为在重力的影响下，非逃逸物质向内下落。撞击地点显示出明显的证据，表明由于能量释放，观测到的极紫外波长变亮。两个合理的物理机制解释的增亮被认为是：加热的等离子体由于压缩等离子体的撞击材料的动能，或低线圈的磁场和碰撞材料所携带的字段之间的重连。通过分析几个SDO/AIA波长的增亮发射，并将撞击物质的动能（7.6 x 10^26 - 5.8 x 10^27尔格）与辐射能（1.9 x 10^25 - 2.5 x 10^26尔格）进行比较，我们发现，在观测到的增亮中，能量释放的主要机制是等离子体压缩。
Determination of Acceleration from 3D Reconstruction of Coronal Mass Ejections Observed by STEREO
我们采用了三维（3D）重建技术，第一次研究6个日冕物质抛射（CME）的运动学，使用从COR1和COR2 coronagraphs上获得的双STEREO航天器的图像，也与其中三个使用的图像从极紫外成像仪（EUVI）的爆发性喷发（EP）。一个功能的EP和前缘（LE）的所有CME的识别和跟踪的图像从两个航天器，和立体重建技术被用来确定这些功能的三维坐标。真速度和加速度是从日冕物质抛射特征的真高度的时间演变来确定的。我们在三维中对日冕物质抛射运动学的研究表明，日冕物质抛射前缘通常在2R $_\{odot}$以下经历最大加速度。与耀斑和日冕物质抛射有关的日冕物质抛射的加速度剖面表现出不同的行为。虽然CME不与双折射显示出双峰加速配置文件，那些与双折射没有。在研究中，三个相关的双折射中的两个显示出高且不断上升的加速度值，其距离几乎为4R $_\{odot}$，但相应的CME LE的加速度没有显示出相同的行为，这表明两者可能并不总是由相同的机制驱动。其中一个日冕物质抛射虽然与C级耀斑有关，但却显示出异常高的加速度，超过了1500 m s $^{-2}$。因此，我们的研究结果表明，只有耀斑相关的CME经历剩余加速，这表明通量注入理论模型适用于耀斑相关的CME，但EP相关的CME应考虑不同的机制。
V1118 Ori is an eruptive variable belonging to the EXor class of Pre-Main Sequence stars whose episodic outbursts are attributed to disk accretion events. Since 2006, V1118 Ori is in the longest quiescence stage ever observed between two subsequent outbursts of its recent history. We present near-infrared photometry of V1118 Ori carried out during the last eight years, along with a complete spectroscopic coverage from 0.35 to 2.5 um. A longterm sampling of V1118 Ori in quiescence has never been done, hence we can benefit from the current circumstance to determine the lowest values (i.e. the ze…
In this paper, we present multiwavelength observations of the triggering of a failed-eruptive M-class flare from the active region NOAA 11302, and investigate the possible reasons for the associated failed eruption. Photospheric observations and Non-Linear Force Free Field extrapolated coronal magnetic field revealed that the flaring region had a complex quadrupolar configuration with a pre-existing coronal null point situated above the core field. Prior to the onset of the M-class flare, we observed multiple periods of small-scale flux enhancements in GOES and RHESSI soft X-ray observations, …
Probing Flare-Associated Eruptions on AB Doradus via X-ray Absorption Variations
Central University of Haryana（哈里亚纳中央大学）；Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES)（阿亚巴塔观测科学研究所）；Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)（印度理工学院（贝拿勒斯印度教大学））
Solar flares are often accompanied by filament/prominence eruptions ($\sim10^{4}$ K and $\sim 10^{10-11}$ cm$^{-3}$), sometimes leading to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that directly affect the Earth's environment. `Superflares' are found on some active solar-type (G-type main-sequence) stars, but the association of filament eruptions/CMEs has not been established. Here we show that our optical spectroscopic observation of the young solar-type star EK Draconis reveals the evidence for a stellar filament eruption associated with a superflare. This superflare emitted a radiated energy of $2.0\ti…
Multi-wavelength synthesis of a flux rope-trapped mini-prominence eruption and post-flare coronal rain
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉古纳大学）；University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学）；Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)（波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Northumbria University（诺森比亚大学）
We investigate the formation times of eruptive magnetic flux ropes relative to the onset of solar eruptions, which is important for constraining models of coronal mass ejection (CME) initiation. We inspected uninterrupted sequences of 131 Å images that spanned more than eight hours and were obtained by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to identify the formation times of hot flux ropes that erupted in CMEs from locations close to the limb. The appearance of the flux ropes as well as their evolution toward eruptions were determined using morphol…
