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arXiv 0902.1772astro-ph.SR
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南方红外暗云的物理特性

Physical properties of Southern infrared dark clouds

T. Vasyunina, H. Linz, Th. Henning, B. Stecklum, S. Klose, L. -A. Nyman

摘要:

通常认为,寒冷而密集的红外暗云(IRDC)可能代表了大质量恒星的诞生地。因此,这类对象越来越受到关注。为了扩大南半球特征良好的IRDC的样本,我们已经建立了一个程序来研究南部IRDC的气体和尘埃。本文的目的是描述这个样本的对象的连续属性。我们交叉相关的1.2毫米连续数据从SIMBA@SEST与斯皮策/GLIMPSE图像,以建立在毫米波长的发射源和IRDC之间的连接,我们看到在8 $μ$ m的吸收对明亮的PAH背景。通过分析尘埃的散发和灭绝,我们可以确定质量和柱密度,这是描述大质量恒星形成的初始条件的重要量。发现IRDC的总质量范围为150至1150 $\rm M_\odot$(发射数据)和300至1750 $\rm M_\odot$(消光数据)。我们推导出0.9和4.6 $\times 10^{22}$ cm $^{-2}$(发射数据)和2.1和5.4 $\times 10^{22}$ cm $^{-2}$(消光数据)之间的峰柱密度。根据Weingartner & Draine(2001)的消光关系$R_{\rm V} = 5.5$模型B,我们证明了消光法在超过大约75 mag的A $_{\rm V}$值的非常高的消光值(和柱密度)时失效。导出的柱密度,考虑到空间分辨率的影响,超出了柱密度阈值3.0 $\times 10^{23}$ cm $^{-2}$所需的理论考虑大质量恒星形成。我们的结论是,所选择的IRDC样本的列密度导出的值,使这些对象优秀的候选人在大质量恒星形成的最早阶段的对象。

英文摘要:

It is commonly assumed that cold and dense Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) likely represent the birth sites massive stars. Therefore, this class of objects gets increasing attention. To enlarge the sample of well-characterised IRDCs in the southern hemisphere, we have set up a program to study the gas and dust of southern IRDCs. The present paper aims at characterizing the continuuum properties of this sample of objects. We cross-correlated 1.2 mm continuum data from SIMBA@SEST with Spitzer/GLIMPSE images to establish the connection between emission sources at millimeter wavelengths and the IRDCs we see at 8 $μ$m in absorption against the bright PAH background. Analysing the dust emission and extinction leads to a determination of masses and column densities, which are important quantities in characterizing the initial conditions of massive star formation. The total masses of the IRDCs were found to range from 150 to 1150 $\rm M_\odot$ (emission data) and from 300 to 1750 $\rm M_\odot$ (extinction data). We derived peak column densities between 0.9 and 4.6 $\times 10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ (emission data) and 2.1 and 5.4 $\times 10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ (extinction data). We demonstrate that the extinction method fails for very high extinction values (and column densities) beyond A$_{\rm V}$ values of roughly 75 mag according to the Weingartner & Draine (2001) extinction relation $R_{\rm V} = 5.5$ model B. The derived column densities, taking into account the spatial resolution effects, are beyond the column density threshold of 3.0 $\times 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$ required by theoretical considerations for massive star formation. We conclude that the values for column densities derived for the selected IRDC sample make these objects excellent candidates for objects in the earliest stages of massive star formation.

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