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arXiv 0902.1188astro-ph.CO
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合并对大质量星系生长的更大影响:对z~1以来大质量星系组装和演化的启示

The Greater Impact of Mergers on the Growth of Massive Galaxies: Implications for Mass Assembly and Evolution Since z~1

Kevin Bundy, Masataka Fukugita, Richard S. Ellis, Thomas A. Targett, Sirio Belli, Tadayuki Kodama

摘要:

利用GOODS-N中Subaru望远镜MOIRCS的深红外观测资料,结合GOODS-S中的公开观测资料,研究了密偶分数(5 kpc < r < 20 kpc)和隐含的并合速率与恒星质量、M * 和星系类型的关系。与最近的一些研究一样,我们发现可能导致主要合并的成对系统的比例很低(~4%),并且随着红移到z~1.2,(1+z)^{1.6 \pm 1.6},不会显著增加。我们的主要发现是,M_* > 1 E11 Msun的大质量星系比质量较小的星系(M_* ~ 1 E10 Msun)更有可能拥有并合伴星系。我们发现的证据更高的对分数为红色,球形主机相比,蓝色,晚型系统,在小尺度上的聚类的基础上的预期。在z~0.5时,M_* > 3E 10 Msun的近50%的星系对是早型星系间所谓的“干”合并,而在z~1时,这一比例不到30%。这一结果可以解释为这些质量的红色早型星系数量的增加。我们比较了不同质量的星系的体积合并率与星系演化中的质量相关趋势,发现主要的合并不能完全解释自z~1以来球状星系的形成。在质量组装方面,M * ~ 3E 10 Msun以下星系的主要合并对星系的增长贡献不大,但在M * > 1 E11 Msun的星系中,主要合并对星系的增长贡献更大,其中30%的星系在观测到的红移范围内发生了主要的干合并。总的来说,相对更快的合并高质量星系反映了预期的层次增长的晕,是符合最近的模型预测,即使缩小恒星形成和形态演变涉及额外的物理过程。

英文摘要:

Using deep infrared observations conducted with the MOIRCS on the Subaru Telescope in GOODS-N combined with public surveys in GOODS-S, we investigate the dependence on stellar mass, M_*, and galaxy type of the close pair fraction (5 kpc < r < 20 kpc) and implied merger rate. In common with some recent studies we find that the fraction of paired systems that could result in major mergers is low (~4%) and does not increase significantly with redshift to z~1.2, with (1+z)^{1.6 \pm 1.6}. Our key finding is that massive galaxies with M_* > 1E11 Msun are more likely to host merging companions than less massive systems (M_* ~ 1E10 Msun). We find evidence for a higher pair fraction for red, spheroidal hosts compared to blue, late-type systems, in line with expectations based on clustering at small scales. So-called "dry" mergers between early-type galaxies represent nearly 50% of close pairs with M_* > 3E10 Msun at z~0.5, but less than 30% at z~1. This result can be explained by the increasing abundance of red, early-type galaxies at these masses. We compare the volumetric merger rate of galaxies with different masses to mass-dependent trends in galaxy evolution, finding that major mergers cannot fully account for the formation of spheroidal galaxies since z~1. In terms of mass assembly, major mergers contribute little to galaxy growth below M_* ~ 3E10 Msun but are more significant among galaxies with M_* > 1E11 Msun, 30% of which have undergone mostly dry mergers over the observed redshift range. Overall, the relatively more rapid coalescence of high mass galaxies mirrors the expected hierarchical growth of halos and is consistent with recent model predictions, even if the downsizing of star formation and morphological evolution involves additional physical processes.

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