碳纳米管中的"暗"与"亮"激子：量子光学应用
"Dark" vs "Bright" Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes: Applications to Quantum Optics
摘要：
碳纳米管中强烈的库仑效应导致形成所谓的"亮"和"暗"（禁戒单光子光学跃迁）激子态，并且通过"暗"态捕获载流子而显著降低单光子发光效率。我们证明，正确使用这些具有明显不同复合时间的"亮"和"暗"激子状态可能会扭转局面：量子相干性和多光子激发方案的使用潜在地不仅允许有效地操纵暗态，而且还可以为在不同频率区域中有效地产生光创造条件，产生"慢"或"快"光，实现量子光存储、具有负折射率介质以及其它量子光学机制。可能的量子光学碳纳米管器件具有在高温下适当性能的潜力，因为单壁纳米管中激子的结合能高达数百meV。
英文摘要：
It is strong Coulomb effects in carbon nanotubes that lead to formation of the so-called "bright" and "dark" (forbidden one-photon optical transition) exciton states, and dramatically decrease the efficiency of one-photon light emission via trapping of the carriers by "dark" states. We demonstrate that the proper use of these "bright" and "dark" exciton states with distinctively different recombination times may turn the situation around: the use of quantum coherence and multiphoton schemes of excitation potentially not only allow one to efficiently manipulate the dark states, but can also create conditions for efficient light generation in different frequency regions, produce "slow" or "fast" light, implement quantum light storage, media with a negative refractive index, and other quantum-optical regimes. Possible quantum-optical carbon nanotube devices have a potential for suitable performance at elevated temperatures, because the binding energies of excitons in single-walled nanotubes are hundreds-of-meV high.
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