生物网络动力学的全局观：适应性景观
Global View of Bionetwork Dynamics: Adaptive Landscape
摘要：
在给定的动力学过程中量化适应性景观一直是理论生物学最重要的目标之一。它可以直接影响许多动力学性质，如鲁棒性和可塑性。基于最近的工作，我在这里给这个强大的生物学定量概念的非技术性的简要回顾。这个概念最初是由S Wright在70年前提出的，后来被分子生物学的创始人之一以及其他不同生物学背景的人重新引入。它显然被主流现代生物学家遗忘了很多年。目前，这一概念在系统生物学的发展和生物网络动力学建模中发挥着越来越重要的作用，从噬菌体λ基因开关到癌症发生和发展的内源性网络。它是描述生物网络鲁棒性和稳定性的理想量化指标。我将首先介绍生物学中关于这一概念的五个里程碑式的建议，以展示其理论生物学发展中的重要共同点。然后，我将讨论一些最近的结果，重点是工作显示的逻辑一致性的适应性景观。从一个科学家的角度来看，当面对经验数据时，动力学理论需要什么，适应性景观在隐喻和定量上都是有用的，它抓住了生物动力学过程的一个重要方面。然而，许多重要的开放性问题仍有待解决。掌握了这一重要问题，我们就可以预期，我们正走在正确的道路上，可以用定量的方式来表述达尔文和华莱士发现的演化动力学。
英文摘要：
Quantifying the adaptive landscape in a given dynamical processes has been one of most important goals in theoretical biology. It can have immediate implications for many dynamical properties, such as robustness and plasticity. Based on recent work here I give a nontechnical brief review of this powerful quantitative concept in biology. This concept was initially proposed by S Wright 70 years ago, re-introduced by one of the founders of molecular biology and by others in different biological contexts. It was apparently forgotten by mainstream modern biologists for many years. Currently, this concept has found its increasingly important role in the development of systems biology and the modeling of bionetwork dynamics, from phage lambda genetic switch to endogenous network of cancer genesis and progression. It is an ideal quantify to describe the robustness and stability of bionetworks. I will first introduce five landmark proposals in biology on this concept, to demonstrate the important common thread in its theoretical biology development. Then I will discuss a few recent results, focusing on the work showing the logical consistency of adaptive landscape. From the perspective of a working scientist and of what needed for a dynamical theory when confronting empirical data, the adaptive landscape is useful both metaphorically and quantitatively and has captured an essential aspect of biological dynamical processes. Still, many important open problems remain to be solved. Having this important problem under control, we may expect that we are on the right road to quantitatively formulate the evolutionary dynamics discovered by Darwin and Wallace.
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