Crab光学和紫外旋光仪
The Crab optical and ultraviolet polarimetry
摘要：
对中子星及其脉冲星风星云（PWNe）的偏振测量能够提供对年轻的旋转动力孤立中子星（INS）的高度磁化相对论环境的深刻见解。除了无线电波段，光学观测主要适合提供这种见解。进行光学偏振观测的第一个惯性导航系统是蟹状星云脉冲星，它也是最亮的一颗（V=16.5）。由于这个原因，蟹状星云脉冲星也是唯一的惯性导航系统，重复，相位分辨偏振测量已执行多年。此外，它是唯一的情况下，连同更微弱和遥远的PSR B 0540 -69在大麦云（LMC），一个光学脉冲星嵌入在一个光学PWN。因此，螃蟹是一个完美的测试案例，研究光学偏振特性的光子晶体和他们的PWNe。在本文中，我们回顾了蟹状星云脉冲星及其PWN在光域和紫外域的偏振特性，总结了其他INS偏振观测的最新进展，并概述了使用当前和未来几代光学望远镜进行INS偏振研究的前景
英文摘要：
Polarisation measurements of pulsars and of their pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are uniquely able to provide deep insights into the highly magnetised relativistic environment of young, rotation-powered isolated neutron stars (INSs). Besides the radio band, optical observations are primarily suited to providing such insights. The first INS for which optical polarisation observations were performed is the Crab pulsar which is also the brightest one (V=16.5). For this reason, the Crab pulsar is also the only INS for which repeated, phase-resolved polarisation measurements have been performed through the years. Moreover, it is the only case, together with the much fainter and distant PSR B0540-69 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), of an optical pulsar embedded in an optical PWN. Thus, the Crab is a perfect test case to study the optical polarisation properties of pulsars and of their PWNe. In this paper, we review the polarisation properties of the Crab pulsar and of its PWN in the optical and ultraviolet domains, we summarise the state of the art of the polarisation observations of other INSs, and we outline perspectives for INS polarisation studies with present and future generations of optical telescopes
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