A combination of the reduced $e^{\pm}p$ cross section, previously measured by H1 and ZEUS, has been performed and leads to well constrained QCD fits of the parton densities in the proton. These results, as well as the high-$Q^2$ neutral current deep inelastic scattering cross sections are presented. First direct measurements of the longitudinal structure function $F_L$ are also reported.
The longitudinal proton structure function (FL) has been measured at the HERA collider in positron-proton deep inelastic scattering collisions with the H1 and ZEUS detectors. This measurement is achieved by using multiple center-of-mass energies (sqrt(s)) via a reduction of the proton beam energy. The energies used for this measurement are sqrt(s) = 318, 251, 225 GeV. The kinematic region studied is 2.5<Q^2<800 GeV^2. H1 and ZEUS data have been combined to increase statistical precision and reduce systematic effects. The impact of the low proton beam energy cross sections to the proton PDFs is…
Leading proton production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA
在HERA使用积分亮度为12.8 pb-1的ZEUS检测器研究了半包容反应e+ p -> e+ X p。由ZEUS领先的质子谱仪探测到的末态质子携带了入射质子能量的很大一部分，xL>0.32，其横动量平方满足pT^2<0.5 GeV^2;交换光子虚量Q^2大于3 GeV^2，光子-质子系统的质量范围为45<W<225 GeV^2。主导质子产生的截面和速率是xL、pT^2、Q^2和比约肯标度变量x的函数。
An overview over the recent heavy flavour results of the H1 and ZEUS collaborations is presented. Various techniques to tag the heavy quark, which allow to explore different phase space regions, are employed. Predictions of pertubative QCD are compared to the charm and beauty production data. Charm and beauty fractions of the proton structure function $F_2$ are
The energy dependence of the photon-proton total cross section was determined from positron-proton scattering data collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA at three values of the center-of-mass energy, W, of the γp system in the range 194<W<296 GeV. This is the first determination of the W dependence of the photon-proton total cross section from a single experiment at high W. Parameterizing σtot(γp) αW^(2ε), ε= 0.111 \pm 0.009 (stat.) \pm 0.036 (syst.) was obtained.
The reduced cross sections for ep deep inelastic scattering have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA at three different centre-of-mass energies, 318, 251 and 225 GeV. From the cross sections, measured double differentially in Bjorken x and the virtuality, Q^2, the proton structure functions FL and F2 have been extracted in the region 5*10^-4 < x <0.007 and 20 < Q^2 < 130 GeV^2.
The energy dependence of the photon-proton total cross section, sigma-tot, was determined from ep scattering data collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA at three values of the center-of-mass energy, W, of the gamma-p system in the range 194<W<296 GeV. This is the first determination of the W dependence of sigma-tot from a single experiment at high W. Parameterizing sigma-tot proportional to W^(2 epsilon), epsilon = 0.111 +/- 0.009 (stat.) +/- 0.036 (syst.) was obtained.
The electron-proton collider HERA at DESY opened the door for the study of diffraction in real and virtual photon-proton scattering at center-of-mass energies W up to 250 GeV and for large negative mass squared -Q^2 of the virtual photon up to Q^2 = 1600 GeV^2. At W = 220 GeV and Q^2 = 4 GeV^2, diffraction accounts for about 15% of the total virtual photon proton cross section decreasing to ~5% at Q^2 = 200 GeV^2. An overview of the results obtained by the experiments H1 and ZEUS on the production of neutral vectormesons and on inclusive diffraction up to the year 2008 is presented.
Cross sections for elastic and proton-dissociative photoproduction of J/psi mesons are measured with the H1 detector in positron-proton collisions at HERA. The data were collected at $ep$ centre-of-mass energies sqrt{s} approx 318 GeV and sqrt{s} approx 225 GeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of L = 130 pb^{-1} and L = 10.8 pb^{-1}, respectively. The cross sections are measured as a function of the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy in the range 25< Wgp < 110 GeV. Differential cross sections $\mathrm{d}σ/ \mathrm{d}t$, where $t$ is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton ve…
A combination of the inclusive diffractive cross section measurements made by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA is presented. The analysis uses samples of diffractive deep inelastic ep scattering data at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 318 GeV where leading protons are detected by dedicated spectrometers. Correlations of systematic uncertainties are taken into account, resulting in an improved precision of the cross section measurement which reaches 6% for the most precise points. The combined data cover the range 2.5 < Q2 < 200 GeV2 in photon virtuality, 0.00035 < xIP < 0.09 in proton …
New and previously published measurements on the deep inelastic $ep$ scattering cross section by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations are presented. The uncertainties can be significantly reduced by a model independent combination procedure, which treats the systematic error correlations in a coherent way. The combined H1 and ZEUS measurements of the inclusive neutral and charged current cross sections are used to perform a common NLO QCD fit, called HERAPDF 0.1. The resulting set of parton density functions (PDFs) have a much improved experimental uncertainty compared to previous extractions using …
The dissociation of virtual photons, $γ^{\star} p \to X p$, in events with a large rapidity gap between $X$ and the outgoing proton, as well as in events in which the leading proton was directly measured, has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The data cover photon virtualities $Q^2>2$ GeV$^2$ and $γ^{\star} p$ centre-of-mass energies $40<W<240$ GeV, with $M_X>2$ GeV, where $M_X$ is the mass of the hadronic final state, $X$. Leading protons were detected in the ZEUS leading proton spectrometer. The cross section is presented as a function of $t$, the squared four-momentum transfer at…
The cross section of the diffractive process e^+p -> e^+Xp is measured at a centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV, where the system X contains at least two jets and the leading final state proton p is detected in the H1 Very Forward Proton Spectrometer. The measurement is performed in photoproduction with photon virtualities Q^2 <2 GeV^2 and in deep-inelastic scattering with 4 GeV^2<Q^2<80 GeV^2. The results are compared to next-to-leading order QCD calculations based on diffractive parton distribution functions as extracted from measurements of inclusive cross sections in diffractive deep-inelasti…
Recent structure function results from H1 and ZEUS are presented. The data have been recorded in e+p and e-p collisions for both Neutral Current and Charged Current reactions, covering a wide kinematic range of squared four-momentum transfers Q2, from 0.2GeV2 to 30000GeV2, and Bjorken x between ~5*10-6 and 0.65. Data from both experiments have been combined, leading to significantly reduced experimental uncertainties. The combined measurements are analysed in a NLO QCD fit, and a set of parton density functions, HERAPDF1.0, is extracted from these data alone. New direct measurements of the str…
The cross section of diffractive deep-inelastic scattering ep \rightarrow eXp is measured, where the system X contains at least two jets and the leading final state proton is detected in the H1 Forward Proton Spectrometer. The measurement is performed for fractional proton longitudinal momentum loss xIP < 0.1 and covers the range 0.1 < |t| < 0.7 GeV2 in squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex and 4 < Q2 < 110 GeV2 in photon virtuality. The differential cross sections extrapolated to |t| < 1 GeV2 are in agreement with next-toleading order QCD predictions based on diffractive parton …
Inclusive ep double differential cross sections for neutral current deep inelastic scattering are measured with the H1 detector at HERA. The data were taken with a lepton beam energy of 27.6 GeV and two proton beam energies of Ep = 460 and 575 GeV corresponding to centre-of-mass energies of 225 and 252 GeV, respectively. The measurements cover the region of 6.5 *10^{-4}<=x<= 0.65 for 35<=Q^2<=800 GeV^2 up to y = 0.85. The measurements are used together with previously published H1 data at Ep = 920 GeV and lower Q2 data at Ep = 460, 575 and 920 GeV to extract the longitudinal proton structure f…
The proton-dissociative diffractive photoproduction of J/psi mesons has been studied in ep collisions with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 112 pb^-1. The cross section is presented as a function of the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy and of the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The results are compared to perturbative QCD calculations.
The production of dijets with a tagged forward proton is measured at HERA. The data were recorded with the H1 detector at DESY in the years 2006-2007. Events with a leading proton are detected using the very forward proton spectrometer of the H1 detector. Two jets are selected with transverse momenta transverse momenta in the hadronic-centre-of-mass larger than 4 and 5.5GeV, respectively. The analysis is performed both in the regime of deep-inelastic scattering (DIS), with momentum transfer $Q{^2} > 4$ GeV${^2}$ and for photoproduction (γp), with $Q{^2} < 2$ GeV${^2}$. Cross sections are measu…
Recent measurements of inclusive and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering in electron-proton collisions at HERA are reviewed. These measurements are used to determine the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, a necessary input to theory predictions for hadron colliders. An introduction to the PDF determination with an emphasis on HERA PDFs is presented. Theory predictions based on HERAPDF are compared to a selection of recent LHC and Tevatron measurements. The impact of jet and charm production measurements on the PDFs is discussed.
The latest results of the two HERA collaborations, H1 and ZEUS, are presented. They include the most recent measurements of the longitudinal structure funcion FL from both collaborations. Also presented are high Q2 measurements from the ZEUS collaboration in the high Bjorken x region up to values of x = 1.
Recent results from the ep (electron-proton) collider HERA are presented. Jet production and diffraction type reactions allow tests of predictions of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Jet measurements are used to improve the combined H1-ZEUS parton density fits by adding an additional constraint on the gluon distribution in the proton and, at the same time, providing information on strong coupling constant. Measurements of inclusive diffraction and diffractive dijet data are discussed in the context of factorisation in diffraction. Diffractive Upsilon(1S) production was studied to extract the t-sl…
Starting in 2008 the H1 and ZEUS experiments have been combining their data in order to provide the most complete and accurate set of deep-inelastic data as the legacy of HERA. The present review presents these combinations, both published and preliminary, and explores how they have been used to give information on the structure of the proton. The HERAPDF parton distribution functions (PDFs) are presented and compared with other current PDFs and with data from the Tevatron and LHC colliders.
HERA measurements of diffractive ep scattering - the quasi-elastic scattering of the photon in the proton colour field - are summarised. Emphasis is placed on the most recent data.
The cross section for the diffractive deep-inelastic scattering process ep -> e X p is measured, with the leading final state proton detected in the H1 Forward Proton Spectrometer. The data sample covers the range x_pom<0.1 in fractional proton longitudinal momentum loss, 0.1 < |t| < 0.7 GeV^2 in squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex and 4 < Q^2 < 700 GeV^2 in photon virtuality. The cross section is measured four-fold differentially in t, x_pom, Q^2 and beta=x/x_pom, where x is the Bjorken scaling variable. The t and x_pom dependences are interpreted in terms of an effective pome…
