The nature of the gravitational interaction between ordinary and dark matter is still open. Any deviation from universality or the Newtonian law also modifies the standard assumption of collisionless dark matter. On the other hand, obtaining a Yukawa-like large-distance modification of the gravitational potential is a nontrivial problem, that has so far eluded a consistent realization even at linearized level. We propose here a theory providing a Yukawa-like potential, by coupling non-derivatively the two metric fields related respectively to the visible and dark matter sectors, in the context of massive gravity theories where the local Lorentz invariance is broken by the different coexisting backgrounds. This gives rise to the appropriate mass pattern in the gravitational sector, producing a healthy theory with the Yukawa potential. Our results are of a special relevance in the scenario of dark matter originated from the mirror world, an exact duplicate of the ordinary particle sector.
The Yukawa-Higgs/Ginsparg-Wilson-fermion construction of chiral lattice gauge theories described in hep-lat/0605003 uses exact lattice chirality to decouple the massless chiral fermions from a mirror sector, whose strong dynamics is conjectured to give cutoff-scale mass to the mirror fermions without breaking the chiral gauge symmetry. In this paper, we study the mirror sector dynamics of a two-dimensional chiral gauge theory in the limitof strong Yukawa and vanishing gauge couplings, in which case it reduces to an XY model coupled to Ginsparg-Wilson fermions. For the mirror fermions to acquir…
Mirror Symmetry, Picard-Fuchs equations and instanton corrected Yukawa couplings are discussed within the framework of toric geometry. It allows to establish mirror symmetry of Calabi-Yau spaces for which the mirror manifold had been unavailable in previous constructions. Mirror maps and Yukawa couplings are explicitly given for several examples with two and three moduli.
We consider an (N-2)-dimensional Calabi-Yau manifold which is defined as the zero locus of the polynomial of degree N (of Fermat type) in CP^{N-1} and its mirror manifold. We introduce the (N-2)-point correlation function (generalized Yukawa coupling) and evaluate it both by solving the Picard-Fuchs equation for period integrals in the mirror manifold and also by explicitly calculating the contribution of holomorphic maps of degree 1 to the Yukawa coupling in the Calabi-Yau manifold using the method of Algebraic geometry...
Greene, Morrison and Plesser \cite{GMP} have recently suggested a general method for constructing a mirror map between a $d$-dimensional Calabi-Yau hypersurface and its mirror partner for $d > 3$. We apply their method to smooth hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces and compute the Chern numbers of holomorphic curves on these hypersurfaces. As anticipated, the results satisfy nontrivial integrality constraints. These examples differ from those studied previously in that standard methods of algebraic geometry which work in the ordinary projective space case for low degree curves are not g…
Gravitational wave astronomy has placed strong constraints on fundamental physics, and there is every expectation that future observations will continue to do so. In this work we quantify this expectation for future binary merger observations to constrain hidden sectors, such as scalar-tensor gravity or dark matter, which induce a Yukawa-type modification to the gravitational potential. We explicitly compute the gravitational waveform, and perform a Fisher information matrix analysis to estimate the sensitivity of next generation gravitational wave detectors to these modifications. We find an …
A study is made for ${\bf Z}_M\times {\bf Z}_N$ orbifolds of the modification of the form of the twisted sector Yukawa couplings when some of the states involved are excited twisted sectors rather than twisted sector ground states.
We analyze Lorentz violations in the bosonic sector of a Yukawa-type quantum field theory. The nonrelativistic potential may be determined to all orders in the Lorentz violation, and we find that only specific types of modifications to the normal Yukawa potential can be generated. The influence of this modified potential on scattering and bounds states is calculated. These results could be relevant to the search for new macroscopic forces, which may not necessarily be Lorentz invariant.
Perturbing usual type B topological matter with vector $(0,1)$-forms we find a topological theory which contains explicitly Kodaira-Spencer deformation theory. It is shown that, in genus zero, three-point correlation functions give the Yukawa couplings for a generic point in the moduli space of complex structures. This generalization of type B topological matter seems to be the correct framework to understand mirror symmetry in terms of two-dimensional topological field theories.
I discuss possible modifications of gravitation at short distances in string theories with large internal dimensions and low string scale. The modifications are due to the change of Newton's law in the presence of (sub)millimeter-size transverse dimensions, or due to the existence of light scalars with masses as small as 10^{-3} eV, related to the mechanism of supersymmetry breaking, mediating new Yukawa-type forces with strength comparable to gravity. These modifications are testable in "tabletop" experiments that measure gravity at such short distances.
I show that the effective action of string compactifications has a structure that can naturally solve the supersymmetric flavour and CP problems. At leading order in the g_s and α' expansions, the hidden sector factorises. The moduli space splits into two mirror parts that depend on Kahler and complex structure moduli. Holomorphy implies the flavour structure of the Yukawa couplings arises in only one part. In type IIA string theory flavour arises through the Kahler moduli sector and in type IIB flavour arises through the complex structure moduli sector. This factorisation gives a simple solut…
Recently it was demonstrated that the theoretical predictions for the Planck scale space-time fluctuations derived by the simultaneous consideration of quantum mechanics and general relativity fail by many orders of magnitude against the stellar interferometry observations. We propose the explanation of this puzzle based on the short distance modification of gravity. Roughly speaking the criterion of this modification to fit the astronomical observations is that the gravitational radius of the mass as large as $\sim 10^{26}$kg should not exceed $\sim 10^{-36}$cm. From this point of view we con…
In Lorentz- and CPT-violating effective field theories involving scalar and spinor fields, there exist forms of Lorentz violation that modify only the scalar-spinor Yukawa interaction vertices. These affect low-energy fermion and antifermion scattering processes through modifications to the nonrelativistic Yukawa potentials. The modified potentials involve novel combinations of momentum, spin, and Lorentz-violating background tensors.
A second gradient generalization of Newtonian gravity is presented within the framework of gradient field theory. Weak nonlocality is introduced via first and second gradients of the gravitational field strength in the Lagrangian density. Gradient generalizations of the Poisson equation of Newtonian gravitation for the gravitational potential and of the generalized Gauss law for the gravitational field strength are presented. Such a gradient modification of Newtonian gravity provides a straightforward regularization of Newtonian gravity removing the classical Newtonian singularities. Finite gr…
We generalize the free Fermi-gas formulation of certain 3d ${\cal N}=3$ supersymmetric Chern-Simons-matter theories by allowing Fayet-Iliopoulos couplings as well as mass terms for bifundamental matter fields. The resulting partition functions are given by simple modifications of the argument of the Airy function found previously. With these extra parameters it is easy to see that mirror-symmetry corresponds to linear canonical transformations on the phase space (or operator algebra) of the 1-dimensional fermions.
There are very few direct experimental tests of the inverse square law of gravity at distances comparable to the scale of the Solar System and beyond. Here we describe a possible space mission optimized to test the inverse square law at a scale of up to 100 AU. For example, sensitivity to a Yukawa correction with a strength of $10^{-7}$ times gravity and length scale of 100 AU is within reach, improving the current state of the art by over two orders of magnitude. This experiment would extend our understanding of gravity to the largest scale that can be reached with a direct probe using known …
An approach to the formulation of chiral gauge theories on the lattice is to start with a vector-like theory, but decouple one chirality (the "mirror" fermions) using strong Yukawa interactions with a chirally coupled "Higgs" field. While this is an attractive idea, its viability needs to be tested with nonperturbative studies. The model that we study here, the so-called "3-4-5" model, is anomaly free and the presence of massless states in the mirror sector is not required by anomaly matching arguments, in contrast to the "1-0" model that was studied previously. We have computed the polarizati…
We consider the possibility that the UV completeness of a fundamental theory is achieved by a modification of propagators at large momenta. We assume that general covariance is preserved at all energies, and focus on the coupling of a scalar field to the background geometry as an example. Naively, one expects that the gravitational interaction, like Yukawa interactions, will be regularized by a propagator which decays to zero sufficiently fast above some cutoff scale, but we show that in order to avoid the ultra-violet divergence, the propagator should approach to a nonzero constant. This inco…
