成形：光晶格中费米原子的有效冷却方案
Getting into Shape: Efficient Cooling Scheme for Fermionic Atoms in Optical Lattices
摘要：
我们提出了一个实验程序来冷却加载到光晶格中的费米子原子。其中心思想是通过形成封闭的势剖面，在空间上将系统划分为熵丰富和熵贫乏的区域。在每个粒子的高熵区域中的原子随后从系统中分离出来。我们讨论了如何实验进行这一建议，并进行定量研究其效率。我们发现，每个粒子的熵，$s$，通常可以减少10倍，这样的熵低于$s/k_B \sim 0.2$可以达到。因此，可以实现冷却成非常受欢迎的量子相（如反铁磁体）。我们表明，这个过程是强大的对实验条件的变化。
英文摘要：
We propose an experimental procedure to cool fermionic atoms loaded into an optical lattice. The central idea is to spatially divide the system into entropy-rich and -poor regions by shaping the confining potential profile. Atoms in regions of high entropy per particle are subsequently isolated from the system. We discuss how to experimentally carry out this proposal, and perform a quantitative study of its efficiency. We find that the entropy per particle, $s$, can typically be reduced by a factor of 10 such that entropies lower than $s/k_B \sim 0.2$ can be reached. Cooling into highly sought-after quantum phases (such as an antiferromagnet) can thus be achieved. We show that this procedure is robust against variations of the experimental conditions.
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