手征三核子相互作用与~（14）C β衰变测年
Chiral three-nucleon interaction and the carbon-14 dating beta decay
摘要：
本文提出了一个壳模型计算14-C到14-N基态的β衰变，把有关的核态看作16-O核中的两个0 p空穴.仅使用普适的低动量核子-核子势V（low-k），我们发现伽莫夫-泰勒矩阵元太大而不能描述14-C的已知（很长）寿命。作为一种新的解决方法，我们引入了手征三核子力（3 NF），并由此导出了密度相关的介质内NN相互作用。包括这种有效的介质NN相互作用，伽莫夫-泰勒矩阵元素消失的核密度接近饱和核物质。三核子相互作用的真正短程部分在这方面起着特别重要的作用，因为对π传播子和π-核子顶点的介质修正（由于长程3 NF）往往在相关的可观测性中被抵消。我们还讨论了与离壳外推的介质NN相互作用的不确定性。利用V（低k）的离壳行为作为指导，我们发现这些不确定性相当小。
英文摘要：
We present a shell model calculation for the beta decay of 14-C to the 14-N ground-state, treating the relevant nuclear states as two 0p-holes in an 16-O core. Employing the universal low-momentum nucleon-nucleon potential V(low-k) only, one finds that the Gamow-Teller matrix element is too large to describe the known (very long) lifetime of 14-C. As a novel approach to the problem, we invoke the chiral three-nucleon force (3NF) at leading order and derive from it a density-dependent in-medium NN interaction. Including this effective in-medium NN interaction, the Gamow-Teller matrix element vanishes for a nuclear density close to that of saturated nuclear matter. The genuine short-range part of the three-nucleon interaction plays a particularly important role in this context, since the medium modifications to the pion propagator and pion-nucleon vertex (due to the long-range 3NF) tend to cancel out in the relevant observable. We discuss also uncertainties related to the off-shell extrapolation of the in-medium NN interaction. Using the off-shell behavior of V(low-k) as a guide, we find that these uncertainties are rather small.
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