晶体色超导混合星的引力辐射
Gravitational radiation from crystalline color-superconducting hybrid stars
摘要：
高质量致密（中子）星的内部可能含有处于结晶色超导（CCS）状态的退禁闭夸克物质。在微观核和夸克物质状态方程的基础上，我们在广义相对论中探讨了这类恒星的内部结构。我们发现它们的稳定序列含有质量为M_core \le（0.78 - 0.82）M_{sun}，半径为R_core \le 7 km的CCS夸克核。由于其有限的剪切模量，CCS夸克物质可以支持非轴对称变形，并且可以产生两倍于恒星旋转频率的引力辐射。假设CCS核心是最大的应变，我们计算的最大四极矩，它可以维持。用我们的模型预测的引力波发射$h_0$的特征应变与LIGO和GEO 600探测器得到的上限进行了比较。上限与CCS物质的断裂应变σ \le 10 ^{-4}和大配对间隙Δ \sim 50 MeV一致，或者与σ \sim 10 ^{-3}和小配对间隙Δ \sim 15 MeV一致。特征应变h_0的观测值可以确定乘积σ Δ ^2。在理论方面，需要更好地理解CCS物质的破裂应变，以便从第一性原理可靠地预测CCS夸克核的变形水平。
英文摘要：
The interiors of high mass compact (neutron) stars may contain deconfined quark matter in a crystalline color superconducting (CCS) state. On a basis of microscopic nuclear and quark matter equations of states we explore the internal structure of such stars in general relativity. We find that their stable sequence harbors CCS quark cores with masses M_core \le (0.78-0.82)M_{sun} and radii R_core \le 7 km. The CCS quark matter can support nonaxisymmetric deformations, because of its finite shear modulus, and can generate gravitational radiation at twice the rotation frequency of the star. Assuming that the CCS core is maximally strained we compute the maximal quadrupole moment it can sustain. The characteristic strain of gravitational wave emission $h_0$ predicted by our models are compared to the upper limits obtained by the LIGO and GEO 600 detectors. The upper limits are consistent with the breaking strain of CCS matter σ\le 10^{-4} and large pairing gaps Δ\sim 50 MeV, or, alternatively, with σ\sim 10^{-3} and small pairing gaps Δ\sim 15 MeV. An observationally determined value of the characteristic strain h_0 can pin down the product σΔ^2. On the theoretical side a better understanding of the breaking strain of CCS matter will be needed to predict reliably the level of the deformation of CCS quark core from first principles.
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