在DNA上快速搜索目标而不会落入陷阱
Searching fast for a target on a DNA without falling to traps
摘要：
基因组表达关键取决于调节蛋白在几秒钟内定位DNA上特定靶位点的能力，以及这些蛋白与DNA之间形成长寿命（许多分钟）复合物的能力。平衡实验表明，调节蛋白确实与它们的靶位点紧密结合。然而，他们也发现了与其他非特异性位点的强结合，这些位点作为陷阱，可以显着增加定位目标所需的时间。这导致了速度和稳定性要求之间的冲突。在这里，我们提出了一个简单的机制，它可以解决这个长期存在的悖论，即使在陷阱的存在下，允许目标网站被定位的蛋白质在短时间内。我们的理论分析表明，该机制是强大的，在DNA序列中存在的一般性的障碍，并不需要一个专门设计的靶位点。
英文摘要：
Genomic expression depends critically both on the ability of regulatory proteins to locate specific target sites on a DNA within seconds and on the formation of long lived (many minutes) complexes between these proteins and the DNA. Equilibrium experiments show that indeed regulatory proteins bind tightly to their target site. However, they also find strong binding to other non-specific sites which act as traps that can dramatically increase the time needed to locate the target. This gives rise to a conflict between the speed and stability requirements. Here we suggest a simple mechanism which can resolve this long-standing paradox by allowing the target sites to be located by proteins within short time scales even in the presence of traps. Our theoretical analysis shows that the mechanism is robust in the presence of generic disorder in the DNA sequence and does not require a specially designed target site.
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