伽马射线暴数据中没有时间膨胀的证据
No Evidence of Time Dilation in Gamma-Ray Burst Data
摘要：
伽马射线暴已经被观测到非常高的红移，并提供了与爆发的内在时间尺度直接相关的时间测量。爱因斯坦的相对论是非常明确的，如果宇宙正在膨胀，那么观测到的这些测量的持续时间将随着红移而增加。因此，伽马射线暴的测量应该显示出与红移成比例的时间膨胀。对伽马射线暴数据的分析表明，当红移到z=6.6时，时间膨胀的假设被拒绝的概率为4.4 $\times10^{-6}$。传统上，缺乏明显的时间膨胀已被解释为光度和时间测量之间的逆相关，以及作为红移函数的强光度选择。结果表明，光度与某些时间测度之间的反相关性得到证实，但用协调宇宙学不能实现强光度选择。也许可以用伽马射线暴的选择、某些光度的演化和某些时间尺度的演化来解释时间膨胀的明显缺乏。但这需要一个惊人的巧合，才能产生明显的时间膨胀。然而，这些数据与非膨胀宇宙中的静态宇宙学是一致的。
英文摘要：
Gamma-Ray Bursts have been observed out to very high redshifts and provide time measures that are directly related to intrinsic time scales of the burst. Einstein's theory of relativity is quite definite that if the universe is expanding then the observed duration of these measures will increase with redshift. Thus gamma-ray burst measures should show a time dilation proportional to redshift. An analysis of gamma-ray burst data shows that the hypothesis of time dilation is rejected with a probability of 4.4$\times10^{-6}$ for redshifts out to z=6.6. Traditionally the lack of an apparent time dilation has been explained by an inverse correlation between luminosity and time measures together with strong luminosity selection as a function of redshift. It is shown that the inverse correlation between luminosity and some time measures is confirmed, but using concordance cosmology strong luminosity selection cannot be achieved. It may be possible to explain the apparent lack of time dilation with a combination of gamma-ray burst selection, some luminosity evolution and some time measure evolution. But this requires a remarkable coincidence in order to produce the apparent lack of time dilation. However the data are consistent with a static cosmology in a non-expanding universe.
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