关于牛顿第三定律
On Newton's Third Law
摘要:
作用-反应定律在教科书中被广泛用于推导线动量和角动量守恒定律,马赫认为它是物理学的基石。我们在这里给出了一个背景调查的作用-反应定律所提出的几个问题,特别是,物理真空的作用被证明提供了一个适当的框架,以澄清可能违反的作用-反应定律的发生。在统计力学的背景下,得到了体粒子的广义线动量的表达式。它表明,牛顿第三定律是没有验证系统的平衡,由于一个额外的熵梯度项存在于粒子的动量。
英文摘要:
The law of action-reaction is thoroughly used in textbooks to derive the conservation laws of linear and angular momentum, and it was considered by Ernst Mach the the cornerstone of physics. We give here a background survey of several questions raised by the action-reaction law, and in particular, the role of the physical vacuum is shown to provide an appropriate framework to clarify the occurrence of possible violations of the action-reaction law. It is also obtained an expression for the general linear momentum of a body-particle in the context of statistical mechanics. It is shown that Newton's third law is not verified in systems out of equilibrium due to an additional entropic gradient term present in the particle's momentum.
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