从电动力学中的最小值action到磁机械能--综述
From least action in electrodynamics to magnetomechanical energy -- a review
摘要：
机电系统的运动方程可以通过达尔文拉格朗日量追溯到粒子和电磁场的基本拉格朗日量。当耗散力可以忽略时，系统是保守的，人们可以用哈密顿形式来研究它们。广义电容和电感系数的中心概念的介绍和解释。考虑了自感的规范无关性问题。我们的主要兴趣是磁力学，即研究机械能和磁能之间交换的系统。这揭示了磁能的概念，根据文献，磁能具有令人困惑的特殊性质。我们将理论应用于几个简单的例子：圆形电流回路的延伸、平行导线之间的力、相互作用的圆形电流回路和轨道炮。这些表明，磁能量的哈密顿量、相空间形式具有通常的性质，即平衡组态对应于能量最小值。
英文摘要：
The equations of motion for electromechanical systems are traced back to the fundamental Lagrangian of particles and electromagnetic fields, via the Darwin Lagrangian. When dissipative forces can be neglected the systems are conservative and one can study them in a Hamiltonian formalism. The central concepts of generalized capacitance and inductance coefficients are introduced and explained. The problem of gauge independence of self-inductance is considered. Our main interest is in magnetomechanics, i.e. the study of systems where there is exchange between mechanical and magnetic energy. This throws light on the concept of magnetic energy, which according to the literature has confusing and peculiar properties. We apply the theory to a few simple examples: the extension of a circular current loop, the force between parallel wires, interacting circular current loops, and the rail gun. These show that the Hamiltonian, phase space, form of magnetic energy has the usual property that an equilibrium configuration corresponds to an energy minimum.
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