Monte-Carlo studies of the angular resolution of a future Cherenkov gamma-ray telescope
S. Funk, J. A. Hinton
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Proceeding of "Heidelberg International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy", held in Heidelberg, 7-11 July 2008, submitted to AIP Conference Proceedings. 4 pages, 5 figures
The current generation of Imaging Atmospheric telescopes (IACTs) has demonstrated the power of this observational technique, providing high sensitivity and an angular resolution of $\sim0.1^{\circ}$ per event above an energy threshold of $\sim$100 GeV. Planned future arrays of IACTs such as AGIS or CTA are aiming at significantly improving the angular resolution. Preliminary results have shown that values down to $\sim 1'$ might be achievable. Here we present results of Monte-Carlo simulations that aim to exploring the limits of angular resolution for next generation IACTs and investigate how the resolution can be optimised by changes to array and telescope parameters such as the number of pixel in the camera, the field of view of the camera, the angular pixel size, the mirror size, and also the telescope separation.
We discuss the potential for the detection of dark matter and the characterization of its particle nature via the observation of dark matter subhalos. Specifically, we discuss the search for dark matter Galactic subhalos in the gamma-ray band with the Large Area Telescope on-board the Fermi gamma-ray Space Telescope, and the future generation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, best represented by the planned Cherenkov Telescope Array.
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory will probe the non-thermal universe above 20 GeV up to several hundreds of TeV with a significant improvement in sensitivity and angular resolution compared to current experiments. Its outstanding capabilities will allow to increase the number of extragalactic cosmic accelerators detected at very high energy (VHE) and therefore to better constrain the population of VHE accelerators and the gamma-ray absorption processes in the intergalactic medium. For the first time in the history of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), CTA will be …
The HAWC gamma-ray observatory is a wide field of view and high duty cycle $γ$-ray detector investigating the 0.1 - 100 TeV energy range. It has detected supermassive black holes in the near Universe, and is seeking to detect black hole related objects like gamma-ray bursts, Galactic binary systems, primordial black holes and gravitational wave mergers. Daily light curves of the BL Lac objects Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 are presented here, together with a compilation of studies of black hole related objects.
The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, or HAWC, is carrying out an unbiased survey of cosmic rays and gamma rays from the Northern Hemisphere between 100 GeV and 100 TeV. HAWC is currently the only high-uptime wide-field TeV observatory in operation, and has a robust program to search for flares and other transient sources of gamma rays. The detector is also well suited to observe spatially extended regions of gamma-ray emission and cosmic-ray anisotropy. HAWC recently concluded its first year of data taking with the complete detector. The results include not only observations of many …
In the past ten years of regular operations, a new generation of Cherenkov telescopes have established binary systems as a new class of Very High Energy gamma-ray (VHE) emitters. Particle acceleration in these systems may occur either in an accretion-powered jet (microquasar) or in the shock between a pulsar wind and a stellar wind (wind-wind). This paper describes the phenomenology of the three VHE binaries PSR~B1259-63, LS 5039 and LS I +61 303. Two other objects may belong to this new class: HESS J0632+057 is a point-like variable VHE source whose multiwavelength behaviour resembles that of…
Gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 ($γ$-NLS1) galaxies possibly harbour relatively low-mass black holes (10$^6$-10$^8$ M$_{\odot}$) accreting close to the Eddington limit, and share many characteristics with their sibling sources, flat-spectrum radio quasars. Although they have been detected in the MeV--GeV band with Fermi-LAT, they have never been seen in the very high energy band with current imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). Thus, they are key targets for the next-generation IACT, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). In a previous work we selected, by means of extensiv…
Supernova remnants are often presented as the most probable sources of Galactic cosmic rays. This idea is supported by the accumulation of evidence that particle acceleration is happening at supernova remnant shocks. Observations in the TeV range have especially contributed to increase the understanding of the mechanisms, but many aspects of the particle acceleration at supernova remnant shocks are still debated. The Cherenkov telescope array is expected to lead to the detection of many new supernova remnants in the TeV and multi-TeV range. In addition to the individual study of each, the stud…
The VERITAS gamma-ray observatory has an active multimessenger program, currently focused on studying the connection between very-high-energy gamma rays and the astrophysical neutrino flux recently discovered by the IceCube telescope. As both gammarays and neutrinos are produced in hadronic interactions, it is expected that a joint study of both messenger channels could reveal powerful cosmic-ray accelerators and probe their properties. We present an overview and recent results from the VERITAS multimessenger program and discuss prospects for combined studies with other multimessenger faciliti…
In gamma-ray astronomy through Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT), the atmosphere is used as a calorimeter. Incident gamma-rays in the GeV-TeV energy range are observed through the electromagnetic showers they produce in the atmosphere and the Cherenkov light emitted by them. We aim to obtain a parameterisation of the longitudinal profiles of electromagnetic showers in the atmosphere. The longitudinal Cherenkov emission profiles of these showers can be used for the reconstruction of the parameters of the gamma-photon as well gamma-hadron discrimination. Obtaining an accurate param…
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory was completed this year at a 4100-meter site on the flank of the Sierra Negra volcano in Mexico. HAWC is a water Cherenkov ground array with the capability to distinguish 100 GeV - 100 TeV gamma rays from the hadronic cosmic-ray background. HAWC is uniquely suited to study extremely high energy cosmic-ray sources, search for regions of extended gamma-ray emission, and to identify transient gamma-ray phenomena. HAWC will play a key role in triggering multi-wavelength and multi-messenger studies of active galaxies, gamma-ray bursts, …
Several observations are revealing the widespread occurrence of mildly relativistic wide-angle AGN winds strongly interacting with the gas of their host galaxy. Such winds are potential cosmic-ray accelerators, as supported by gamma-ray observations of the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 with the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope. The non-thermal emission produced by relativistic particles accelerated by the AGN-driven wind observed in the circum-nuclear molecular disk of such galaxy is invoked to produce the gamma-ray spectrum. The AGN wind model predicts a hard spectrum that extend in the very …
The Gamma-ray Cherenkov Telescope (GCT) is one of the Small Size Telescopes (SSTs) proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) aimed at the 1 TeV to 300 TeV energy range. GCT will be equipped with a Compact High-Energy Camera (CHEC) containing 2048 pixels of physical size about 6$\times$6~mm$^2$, leading to a field of view of over 8 degrees. Electronics based on custom TARGET ASICs and FPGAs sample incoming signals at a gigasample per second and provide a flexible triggering scheme. Waveforms for every pixel in every event are read out are on demand without loss at over 600 events per sec…
At the time large air Cherenkov arrays are being discussed for future gamma-ray observatories, we review the relationship between the targeted capabilities and the main design parameters taking into account construction costs. As an example application, we describe a telescope array optimized for observations between 1 TeV and a few 100 TeV and use detailed simulations to estimate its performances in comparison to science objectives.
Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes (G-APD) bear the potential to significantly improve the sensitivity of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT). We are currently building the First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) by refurbishing an old IACT with a mirror area of 9.5 square meters and construct a new, fine pixelized camera using novel G-APDs. The main goal is to evaluate the performance of a complete system by observing very high energy gamma-rays from the Crab Nebula. This is an important field test to check the feasibility of G-APD-based cameras to replace at some time the PMT-based cameras…
Very high energy (VHE $>$100 GeV) gamma rays coming from blazars can produce pairs when interacting with the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) and the Cosmic Microwave Background, generating an electromagnetic cascade. Depending on the Intergalactic Magnetic Field (IGMF) intensity, this cascade may result in an extended isotropic emission of photons around the source (halo), or in a broadening of the emission beam. The detection of these effects might lead to important constrains both on the IGMF intensity and the EBL density, quantities of great relevance in cosmological models. Using a Mo…
Measurement of diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Milky Way with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) is difficult because of high level of charged cosmic ray background and small field-of-view. We show that such a measurement is nevertheless possible in the energy band 10-100 TeV. The minimal charged particle background for IACTs is achieved in event selections used for the analyses of the cosmic ray electrons. Tight cuts on the event quality in these event selections allow to achieve the background level sufficiently low to allow the measurements of the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray…
A new background rejection strategy for gamma-ray astrophysics with stereoscopic Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT), based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and real background data from the H.E.S.S. [High Energy Stereoscopic System, see [1].] experiment, is described. The analysis is based on a multivariate combination of both previously-known and newly-derived discriminant variables using the physical shower properties, as well as its multiple images, for a total of eight variables. Two of these new variables are defined thanks to a new energy evaluation procedure, which is also p…
The synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission from Gamma-ray Burst (GRB) forward shock can extend to the very-high-energy (VHE; $E_γ> $100 GeV) range. Such high energy photons are rare and are attenuated by the cosmic infrared background before reaching us. In this work, we discuss the prospect to detect these VHE photons using the current ground-based Cherenkov detectors. Our calculated results are consistent with the upper limits obtained with several Cherenkov detectors for GRB 030329, GRB 050509B, and GRB 060505 during the afterglow phase. For 5 bursts in our nearby GRB sample (except for GR…
Molecular clouds act as primary targets for cosmic-ray interactions and are expected to shine in gamma-rays as a by-product of these interactions. Indeed several detected gamma-ray sources both in HE and VHE gamma-rays (HE: 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV; VHE: E > 100 GeV) have been directly or indirectly associated with molecular clouds. Information on the local diffusion coefficient and the cosmic-ray population can be inferred from the observed gamma-ray signals. In this work we explore the capability of the forthcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTA) to provide such measurements. We inv…
We discuss the discovery potential of extended very-high-energy (VHE) neutrino sources by the future KM3 Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) in the context of the constraining power of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), designed for deep surveys of the sky in VHE gamma rays. The study is based on a comparative analysis of sensitivities of KM3NeT and CTA. We show that a minimum gamma-ray energy flux of E^2ϕ_γ(10 TeV) > 1x10^{-12} TeV cm^{-2} s^{-1} is required to identify a possible neutrino counterpart with a 3σ significance and 10 years of KM3NeT observations with upgoing muons, if the source has a…
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is a wide field of view (1.8 Sr) and high duty cycle (>95% up-time) detector of unique capabilities for the study of TeV gamma-ray sources. Installed at an altitude of 4100m in the Northern slope of Volcán Sierra Negra, Puebla, by a collaboration of about thirty institutions of Mexico and the United States, HAWC has been in full operations since March 2015, surveying 2/3 of the sky every sidereal day, monitoring active galaxies and mapping sources in the Galactic Plane to a detection level of 1 Crab per day. This contribution summa…
We present simulations of the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray light curve of the Crab pulsar as observed by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The CTA pulse profile of the Crab pulsar is simulated with the specific goal of determining the accuracy of the position of the interpulse. We fit the pulse shape obtained by the MAGIC telescope with a three-Gaussian template and rescale it to account for the different CTA instrumental and observational configurations. Simulations are performed for different configurations of CTA and for the ASTRI mini-array. The northern CTA configuration will provi…
Gamma rays at rest frame energies as high as 90 GeV have been reported from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). There is considerable hope that a confirmed GRB detection will be possible with the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), which will have a larger effective area and better low-energy sensitivity than current-generation imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). To estimate the likelihood of such a detection, we have developed a phenomenological model for GRB emission between 1 GeV and 1 TeV that is motivated by the high-energy GRB detections o…
The potential of an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes to detect gamma-ray sources in complex regions has been investigated. The basic characteristics of the gamma-ray instrument have been parametrized using simple analytic representations. In addition to the ideal (Gaussian form) point spread function (PSF), the impact of more realistic non-Gaussian PSFs with tails has been considered. Simulations of isolated point-like and extended sources have been used as a benchmark to test and understand the response of the instrument. The capability of the instrument to resolve multiple s…
We simulate the spectral behaviour of the non-transient gamma-ray binaries using archival observations as a reference. With this we test the CTA capability to measure the sources' spectral parameters and detect variability on various time scales. We review the known properties of gamma-ray binaries and the theoretical models that have been used to describe their spectral and timing characteristics. We show that CTA is capable of studying these sources on time scales comparable to their characteristic variability time scales. For most of the binaries, the unprecedented sensitivity of CTA will a…
The first Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) catalog presented by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) collaboration includes 28 GRBs, detected above 100 MeV over the first three years since the launch of the Fermi mission. However, more than 100 GRBs are expected to be found over a period of six years of data collection thanks to a new detection algorithm and to the development of a new LAT event reconstruction, the so-called "Pass 8." Our aim is to provide revised prospects for GRB alerts in the CTA era in light of these new LAT discoveries. We focus initially on the possibility of GRB detection with the…
The compact X-ray binary system Cyg X-3 has been recently discovered as a source of GeV gamma-rays by the AGILE and the {\it Fermi} satellites. It shows emission features in the GeV gamma-rays similar to other gamma-ray binaries which were also observed in the TeV gamma-rays (LS 5039 and LSI +61 303). The question appears whether Cyg X-3 can be also detected in the TeV gamma-rays by the Cherenkov telescopes. Here we discuss this problem in detail based on the anisotropic inverse Compton (IC) e-p pair cascade model successfully applied to TeV gamma-ray binaries. We calculate the gamma-ray light…
Gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 ($γ$-NLSy1) galaxies are thought to harbour relatively low-mass black holes (10$^6$-10$^8$ M$_{\odot}$) accreting close to the Eddington limit. They show characteristics similar to those of blazars, such as flux and spectral variability in the gamma-ray energy band and radio properties which point toward the presence of a relativistic jet. These characteristics make them an intriguing class of sources to be investigated with the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory. We present our extensive set of simul…
The Cherenkov light produced in air showers largely contributes to the signal observed in ground-based gamma-ray and cosmic-ray observatories. Yet, no description of this phenomenon is available covering both regions of small and large angles to the shower axis. To fill this gap, a parametrization of the angular distribution of Cherenkov photons is performed in terms of a physically-motivated parametric function. Model parameters are constrained using simulated gamma-ray and proton showers with energies in the TeV to EeV region. As a result, a new parametrization is obtained that improves the …
In this paper we have introduced a novel method for gamma hadron separation in Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) using Quantum Machine Learning. IACTs captures images of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) produced from very high energy gamma rays. We have used the QML Algorithms, Quantum Support Vector Classifier (QSVC) and Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC) for binary classification of the events into signals (Gamma) and background(hadron) using the image parameters. MAGIC Gamma Telescope dataset is used for this study which was generated from Monte Carlo Software Coriska. These quan…
Misaligned blazars have been the subject of some of the most successful radio and gamma-ray multiwavelength campaigns. These campaigns have included many of the major ground and space based gamma-ray telescopes and span decades of energy. Even though misaligned blazars account for only a small number of the total AGN detected at VHE, they provide a unique view on the AGN population. By viewing blazars at larger angles to our line of sight, they become a unique laboratory for the study of AGN jet substructure and the morphology of non-thermal emission processes. This contribution will discuss o…
Local dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are nearby dark-matter dominated systems, making them excellent targets for searching for gamma rays from particle dark matter interactions. If dark matter annihilates or decays directly into two gamma rays (or a gamma ray and a neutral particle), a monochromatic spectral line is created. At TeV energies, no other processes are expected to produce spectral lines, making this a very clean indirect dark matter search channel. With the development of event-by-event energy reconstruction, we can now search for spectral lines with the High Altitude Water Cher…
A water Cherenkov detector array, LHAASO-WCDA, is proposed to be built at Shangri-la, Yunnan Province, China. As one of the major components of the LHAASO project, the main purpose of it is to survey the northern sky for gamma ray sources in the energy range from 100 GeV to 30 TeV. In order to design the water Cherenkov array efficiently to economize the budget, a Monte Carlo simulation is proceeded. With the help of the simulation, cost performance of different configurations of the array is obtained and compared with each other, serving as a guide for the more detailed design of the experime…
The angular distribution of Cherenkov light in an air shower is closely linked to that of the shower electrons and positrons. As charged particles in extensive air showers are deflected by the magnetic field of the Earth, a deformation of the angular distribution of the Cherenkov light, that would be approximately symmetric about the shower axis if no magnetic field were present, is expected. In this work we study the variation of the Cherenkov light distribution as a function of the azimuth angle in the plane perpendicular to shower axis. It is found that the asymmetry induced by the geomagne…
In this paper we propose a 'knee-like' approximation of the lateral distribution of the Cherenkov light from extensive air showers in the energy range 30-3000 TeV and study a possibility of its practical application in high energy ground-based gamma-ray astronomy experiments (in particular, in TAIGA-HiSCORE). The approximation has a very good accuracy for individual showers and can be easily simplified for practical application in the HiSCORE wide angle timing array in the condition of a limited number of triggered stations.
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is about to enter construction phase and one of its main key science projects is to perform an unbiased survey in search of extragalactic sources. We make use of both the latest blazar gamma--ray luminosity function and spectral energy distribution to derive the expected number of detectable sources for both the planned Northern and Southern arrays of the CTA observatory. We find that a shallow, wide survey of about 0.5 hour per field of view would lead to the highest number of blazar detections. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of axion-like particles…
The Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), like, HESS, MAGIC and VERITAS well demonstrated their performances by showing many exciting results at very high energy gamma ray domain, mainly between 100 GeV and 10 TeV. It is important to investigate how much we can improve the sensitivity in this energy range, but it is also important to expand the energy coverage and sensitivity towards new domains, the lower and higher energies, by extending this IACT techniques. For this purpose, we have carried out the optimization of the array of large IACTs assuming with new technologies, advanced photod…
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are a common prediction of certain theories beyond the Standard Model and couple to photons in the presence of external magnetic fields. As a consequence, photon-ALP conversions could lead to an enhancement of the flux of extragalactic gamma-ray sources that is otherwise attenuated due to the interactions with background radiation fields. The magnetic fields traversed by the gamma rays are often turbulent and frequently modelled with a simple domain-like structure. Given a maximum mixing between photons and ALPs, we show that in such models realisations of the field…
Muon component of extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by cosmic ray particles carries information on the primary particle identity. We show that the muon content of EAS could be measured in a broad energy range from 10-100 TeV up to ultra-high-energy cosmic ray range using wide field-of-view imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes observing strongly inclined or nearly horizontal EAS from the ground of from high altitude. Cherenkov emission from muons in such EAS forms a distinct component (halo or tail) of the EAS image in the telescope camera. We show that detection of the muon signal coul…
We investigate the possibility of detection of the VHE gamma-ray counterparts to the neutrino astrophysical sources within the Neutrino Target of Opportunity (NToO) program of CTA using the populations simulated by the FIRESONG software to resemble the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux measured by IceCube. We derive the detection probability for different zenith angles and geomagnetic field configurations. The difference in detectability of sources between CTA-North and CTA-South for the average geomagnetic field is not substantial. We investigate the effect of a higher night-sky background …
The last 20 years have seen the development of new techniques in Astroparticle Physics providing access to the highest end of the electromagnetic spectrum. It has been shown that some sources emit photons up to energies close to 100 TeV. Yet the fluxes of these photons are incredibly low and new detection techniques are needed to go higher in energy. A new technique that would use the new generation of Cherenkov Telescopes, i.e., the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), is proposed to push further the energy frontier. It is based on the detection of the fluorescence radiation emitted in extensive …
The HAWC observatory reconstructs atmospheric showers induced by very high-energy primary cosmic- or gamma-rays. Cosmic-rays with hadronic nature are several orders of magnitude more frequent than primary gammas and therefore it is necessary to perform the best gamma-hadron discrimination for each event to be able to survey the gamma-ray sky. Single vertical muons cause very characteristic signals in the 300 HAWC detectors. Particularly, those events that produce signals in the four PMTs of a tank corresponding to muons traversing the tank in the central region. In such cases exist the correla…
An Approach to Gamma-Hadron Separation via Measurements of the Middle-UV Fraction of EAS emission by an Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope with UV-Sensitive SiPM detectors
Ground-level particle detection is now a well-established approach to TeV gamma-ray astronomy. Detection of Cherenkov light produced in water-filled detection units is a proven and cost-effective method. Here we discuss the optimization of the units towards the future Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO). In this context, we investigate a new type of configuration in which each water Cherenkov detector (WCD) unit in the array comprises two chambers with black or reflective walls and a single photomultiplier tube (PMT) in each chamber. We find that this is a cost-effective approach …
Signal-background separation and energy reconstruction of gamma rays using pattern spectra and convolutional neural networks for the Small-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation of ground based gamma-ray telescopes allowing us to study very high energy phenomena in the Universe. CTA aims to gain about a factor of ten in sensitivity compared to current experiments, extending the accessible gamma-ray energy range from a few tens of GeV to some hundreds of TeV. This increased gamma-ray source sensitivity, as well as the expected enhanced energy and spatial resolution, will allow exciting new insights in some key science topics. Additionally, CTA will provide a full sky-coverage by featuring the array located…
We present a sophisticated gamma-ray likelihood reconstruction technique for Imaging Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescopes. The technique is based on the comparison of the raw Cherenkov camera pixel images of a photon induced atmospheric particle shower with the predictions from a semi-analytical model. The approach was initiated by the CAT experiment in the 1990's, and has been further developed by a new fit algorithm based on a log-likelihood minimisation using all pixels in the camera, a precise treatment of night sky background noise, the use of stereoscopy and the introduction of first interact…
Observations from multiple gamma-ray telescopes have uncovered a high energy gamma-ray source spatially coincident with the Galactic center. Recently, a compelling model for the broad-band gamma-ray emission has been formulated which posits that high energy protons emanating from Sgr A* could produce gamma-rays through pion decays resulting from inelastic collisions with the traversed interstellar gas in the region. Models of the gas distribution in the Galactic center region imply that the resulting gamma-ray morphology would be observed as a point source with all current telescopes, but that…
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next major ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy. With CTA gamma-ray sources will be studied in the very-high energy gamma-ray range of a few tens of GeV to 100 TeV with up to ten times better sensitivity than available with current generation instruments. We discuss the proposed US contribution to CTA that comprises imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope with Schwarzschild-Couder (SC) optics. Key features of the SC telescope are a wide field of view of eight degrees, a finely pixelated camera with silicon photomultipliers as photon detect…
Stereoscopic arrays of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes allow to reconstruct gamma-ray-induced showers in 3 dimensions, which offers several advantages: direct access to the shower parameters in space and straightforward calorimetric measurement of the incident energy. In addition, correlations between the different images of the same shower are taken into account. An analysis method based on a simple 3D-model of electromagnetic showers was recently implemented in the framework of the H.E.S.S. experiment. In the present article, the method is completed by an additional quality criterio…
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a forthcoming ground-based observatory for very-high-energy gamma rays. CTA will consist of two arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and will combine telescopes of different types to achieve unprecedented performance and energy coverage. The Gamma-ray Cherenkov Telescope (GCT) is one of the small-sized telescopes proposed for CTA to explore the energy range from a few TeV to hundreds of TeV with a field of view $\gtrsim 8^\circ$ and angular resolution of a few arcminutes. The GCT design features dual…
The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is a major component of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Array Observatory (LHAASO), a new generation cosmic-ray experiment with unprecedented sensitivity, currently under construction. The WCDA is aimed at the study of TeV $γ$-rays. In order to evaluate the prospects of searching for TeV $γ$-ray sources with the WCDA, we present in this paper a projection for the one-year sensitivity of the WCDA to TeV $γ$-ray sources from TeVCat (footnote: http://tevcat.uchicago.edu) using an all-sky approach. Out of 128 TeVCat sources observable to the WCDA up to …
