地震丛集的时空机制
The mechanisms of spatial and temporal earthquake clustering
摘要：
地震的数量作为震级的函数按幂律衰减。这种趋势通常是合理的使用弹簧块模型，在适当的全球统计数字的滑动已被观察到。然而，突出的空间和时间的地震丛集性特征，不能再现这种模拟。我们表明，当弹簧-块模型与允许结构松弛的机制互补时，可以获得真实的地震模式。所提出的模型不需要包括一个现象学的速度削弱摩擦法，传统的弹簧块模型，因为这种行为是有效地诱导松弛机制以及。这样，该模型也提供了一个简单的微观基础，广泛使用的唯象速率和状态方程的岩石摩擦。
英文摘要：
The number of earthquakes as a function of magnitude decays as a power law. This trend is usually justified using spring-block models, where slips with the appropriate global statistics have been numerically observed. However, prominent spatial and temporal clustering features of earthquakes are not reproduced by this kind of modeling. We show that when a spring-block model is complemented with a mechanism allowing for structural relaxation, realistic earthquake patterns are obtained. The proposed model does not need to include a phenomenological velocity weakening friction law, as traditional spring-block models do, since this behavior is effectively induced by the relaxational mechanism as well. In this way, the model provides also a simple microscopic basis for the widely used phenomenological rate-and-state equations of rock friction.
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