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arXiv 0901.1436astro-ph.SR
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甚长基线精密天体测量:14颗脉冲星的视差和自行

Precision Astrometry with the Very Long Baseline Array: Parallaxes and Proper Motions for 14 Pulsars

S. Chatterjee, W. F. Brisken, W. H. T. Vlemmings, W. M. Goss, T. J. W. Lazio, J. M. Cordes, S. E. Thorsett, E. B. Fomalont, A. G. Lyne, M. Kramer

摘要:

天体测量学可以对关于中子星的各种科学问题,包括它们的起源、天体物理学、演化和环境,带来强有力的约束。利用VLBA的相位参考观测,结合脉冲星选通和束内定标,我们测量了14颗脉冲星的弛豫和自行。在我们的样本中,PSR B1541+09的最小测量视差为0.13+-0.02 mas,其最可能的距离为7.2+1.3-1.1 kpc。我们详细介绍了我们的方法,包括初始VLA调查,以选择候选人,并找到在束校准,VLBA相位参考,脉冲星门控,校准和数据减少。本文还介绍了在存在未建模系统误差的情况下,利用自举法估计天体测量不确定度的方法。基于我们新的模型独立的距离和横向速度的估计,我们调查的运动学和出生地点的恒星和重温银河系电子密度分布的模型。我们发现,年轻的脉冲星正在远离银河平面,正如预期的那样,从运动学和脉冲星自旋下降的年龄估计一般是一致的,有一些值得注意的例外。根据目前的轨道,脉冲星B2045-16很可能诞生于疏散星团NGC 6604。对于几个高纬度恒星,NE 2001电子密度模型低估了视差距离的两倍,而在其他的估计同意或大于视差距离,这表明星际介质是不规则的相关长度尺度。回收脉冲星J1713+0747的VLBA天体测量结果与脉冲定时的两个独立估计一致,从而能够在不同的参考系之间进行一致性检查。

英文摘要:

Astrometry can bring powerful constraints to bear on a variety of scientific questions about neutron stars, including their origins, astrophysics, evolution, and environments. Using phase-referenced observations at the VLBA, in conjunction with pulsar gating and in-beam calibration, we have measured the parallaxes and proper motions for 14 pulsars. The smallest measured parallax in our sample is 0.13+-0.02 mas for PSR B1541+09, which has a most probable distance of 7.2+1.3-1.1 kpc. We detail our methods, including initial VLA surveys to select candidates and find in-beam calibrators, VLBA phase-referencing, pulsar gating, calibration, and data reduction. The use of the bootstrap method to estimate astrometric uncertainties in the presence of unmodeled systematic errors is also described. Based on our new model-independent estimates for distance and transverse velocity, we investigate the kinematics and birth sites of the pulsars and revisit models of the Galactic electron density distribution. We find that young pulsars are moving away from the Galactic plane, as expected, and that age estimates from kinematics and pulsar spindown are generally in agreement, with certain notable exceptions. Given its present trajectory, the pulsar B2045-16 was plausibly born in the open cluster NGC 6604. For several high-latitude pulsars, the NE2001 electron density model underestimates the parallax distances by a factor of two, while in others the estimates agree with or are larger than the parallax distances, suggesting that the interstellar medium is irregular on relevant length scales. The VLBA astrometric results for the recycled pulsar J1713+0747 are consistent with two independent estimates from pulse timing, enabling a consistency check between the different reference frames.

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