超越“无节点”定理的非常规玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚
Unconventional Bose-Einstein Condensations Beyond the "No-node" Theorem
摘要：
费曼的“无节点”定理指出，在坐标表象中玻色子的传统多体基态波函数是正定的。这意味着时间反演对称性不能自发破缺。本文综述了我们在这一范式之外对一类非常规玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚新态的研究进展。这些态既可以是光晶格中高轨道带超冷玻色子的长寿命金属稳定态，也可以是自旋轨道耦合线性依赖于动量的自旋玻色子的基态。在这两种情况下，费曼的论证都不适用。由此产生的多体波函数是复值的，因此自发地打破了时间反演对称性。这些态中的奇异现象包括非零动量下的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、轨道角动量矩的有序化、半量子涡旋和skyrmions的自旋织构。
英文摘要：
Feynman's "no-node" theorem states that the conventional many-body ground-state wavefunctions of bosons in the coordinate representation is positive-definite. This implies that time-reversal symmetry cannot be spontaneously broken. In this article, we review our progress in studying a class of new states of unconventional Bose-Einstein condensations beyond this paradigm. These states can either be the long-lived metal-stable states of ultra-cold bosons in high orbital bands in optical lattices as a result of the "orbital-Hund's rule" interaction, or the ground states of spinful bosons with spin-orbit coupling linearly dependent on momentum. In both cases, Feynman's argument does not apply. The resultant many-body wavefunctions are complex-valued and thus break time-reversal symmetry spontaneously. Exotic phenomena in these states include the Bose-Einstein condensation at non-zero momentum, the ordering of orbital angular momentum moments, the half-quantum vortex, and the spin texture of skyrmions.
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