幼儿抑制控制与注意灵活性发展研究中的多维潜马尔可夫模型
Multidimensional latent Markov models in a developmental study of inhibitory control and attentional flexibility in early childhood
AI总结：
本文提出多维潜马尔可夫模型分析学龄前儿童三期二元测验数据，结合双参数logistic参数化与EM推断，证明抑制控制和注意灵活性是不同构念并揭示其发展转移特征。
摘要：
我们展示了如何使用潜马尔可夫模型的多维扩展，来分析发展心理学中具有相关二元响应的研究数据。具体而言，我们考虑一项基于成套测验的实验：该测验在三个时期对学龄前儿童施测，以测量其抑制控制和注意灵活性能力。我们的模型用两个潜在特质来表示这些能力，这些特质与潜马尔可夫链的每个状态相关联。给定潜在过程后，测验结果的条件分布通过多维双参数logistic参数化依赖于这些能力。我们概述了用于对模型参数进行似然推断的EM算法；还重点讨论了关于模型维度以及潜在过程转移矩阵的假设的似然比检验。通过基于所提模型的方法，我们发现证据支持抑制控制和注意灵活性可被概念化为两个不同的构念。此外，我们基于对估计转移矩阵的考察，概述了参与者在这些能力上表现的发展特征。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate the use of a multidimensional extension of the latent Markov model to analyse data from studies with correlated binary responses in developmental psychology. In particular, we consider an experiment based on a battery of tests which was administered to pre-school children, at three time periods, in order to measure their inhibitory control and attentional flexibility abilities. Our model represents these abilities by two latent traits which are associated to each state of a latent Markov chain. The conditional distribution of the tests outcomes given the latent process depends on these abilities through a multidimensional two-parameter logistic parameterisation. We outline an EM algorithm to conduct likelihood inference on the model parameters; we also focus on likelihood ratio testing of hypotheses on the dimensionality of the model and on the transition matrices of the latent process. Through the approach based on the proposed model, we find evidence that supports that inhibitory control and attentional flexibility can be conceptualised as distinct constructs. Furthermore, we outline developmental aspects of participants' performance on these abilities based on inspection of the estimated transition matrices.
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