2003年11月18日CME的源区，导致了第23周最强的磁暴
Source region of the 2003 November 18 CME that led to the strongest magnetic storm of cycle 23
摘要：
2003年11月20日的超级风暴与11月18日源自NOAA AR 10501的高速日冕物质抛射有关。这次日冕物质抛射对地球产生了严重的影响，导致了一场地磁风暴，DST指数为-472 nT，是当前太阳周期中最强的。在本文中，我们试图了解导致11月18日日冕物质抛射的因素。我们还研究了这次日冕物质抛射的源区NOAA AR 10501的光球磁场的演化。为此，分析了2003年11月17 - 19日日本三鹰太阳耀斑望远镜的MDI视线磁图和矢量磁图。特别是，对源活动区的磁通量、能量和磁场梯度的时间变化进行了定量估计。这些量的演变进行了研究，为3天的时间，目的是了解耀斑前的配置导致了中度耀斑，这是与地球有效的日冕物质抛射。我们还检查了从乌代布尔太阳天文台记录在H-α的色球图像，比较耀斑的位置与不同的磁场和能量的区域。我们的观测提供了证据表明，耀斑与CME发生在一个位置标记的高磁场梯度，导致释放的自由能存储在活动区。
英文摘要：
The super-storm of November 20, 2003 was associated with a high speed coronal mass ejection which originated in the NOAA AR 10501 on November 18. This coronal mass ejection had severe terrestrial consequences leading to a geomagnetic storm with DST index of -472 nT, the strongest of the current solar cycle. In this paper, we attempt to understand the factors that led to the coronal mass ejection on November 18. We have also studied the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field of NOAA AR 10501, the source region of this coronal mass ejection. For this purpose, the MDI line-of-sight magnetograms and vector magnetograms from Solar Flare Telescope, Mitaka, obtained during November, 17-19, 2003 were analysed. In particular, quantitative estimates of the temporal variation in magnetic flux, energy and magnetic field gradient were estimated for the source active region. The evolution of these quantities was studied for the 3-day period with an objective to understand the pre-flare configuration leading up to the moderate flare which was associated with the geo-effective coronal mass ejection. We also examined the chromospheric images recorded in H-alpha from Udaipur Solar Observatory to compare the flare location with regions of different magnetic field and energy. Our observations provide evidence that the flare associated with the CME occurred at a location marked by high magnetic field gradient which led to release of free energy stored in the active region.
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