测地线与观测宇宙学
Null geodesics and observational cosmology
摘要：
宇宙在局部尺度上不是各向同性或空间均匀的。在广义相对论中，局部不均匀性的平均化会对宇宙的演化产生显著的动力学效应，即使这种效应是在1%的水平上，在对宇宙学观测的正确解释中也必须考虑到它们。我们讨论的平均（和一般的不均匀性）可以对宇宙的动力学演化和宇宙学数据的解释的影响。所有关于宇宙学的推论都是基于光子的路径。我们讨论了一些定性方面的平均几何中的光子运动，特别是在球对称的简单情况下的光度距离红移关系的上下文中。
英文摘要：
The Universe is not isotropic or spatially homogeneous on local scales. The averaging of local inhomogeneities in general relativity can lead to significant dynamical effects on the evolution of the Universe, and even if the effects are at the 1% level they must be taken into account in a proper interpretation of cosmological observations. We discuss the effects that averaging (and inhomogeneities in general) can have on the dynamical evolution of the Universe and the interpretation of cosmological data. All deductions about cosmology are based on the paths of photons. We discuss some qualitative aspects of the motion of photons in an averaged geometry, particularly within the context of the luminosity distance-redshift relation in the simple case of spherical symmetry.
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