Electromagnetic splittings of hadrons from improved staggered quarks in full QCD
S. Basak, A. Bazavov, C. Bernard, C. DeTar, W. Freeman, Steven Gottlieb, U. M. Heller, J. E. Hetrick, J. Laiho, L. Levkova, J. Osborn, R. Sugar, D. Toussaint
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7 pages, 7 figures, presented at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14-19, 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
We present our initial study of the electromagnetic splittings of charged and neutral mesons, and the violation of Dashen's theorem. Hadron masses are calculated on MILC N_f=2+1 QCD ensembles at lattice spacing \approx 0.15fm, together with quenched non-compact U(1) configurations. The O(a^2) tadpole improved staggered quark (asqtad) action is used both for the sea quarks and for six different valence quark masses. Chiral extrapolations are performed using partially quenched chiral perturbation theory incorporating electromagnetic corrections.
We present a new method to introduce rotationally invariant terms in staggered fermions which is based on an $SO(2D)$ Clifford algebra formulation, where $D$ means the number of space-time dimensions. We have four candidates for improved mass terms that can split the degenerate mass of staggered fermions. Among them, we analyze three types of combinations and find only one case that can identify with the light single Dirac mode.
We present results from an ongoing lattice study of the lowest lying charmonium and bottomonium level splittings using the Fermilab heavy quark formalism. Our objective is to test the performance of this action on MILC-collaboration ensembles of (2+1) flavors of light improved staggered (asqtad) quarks. Measurements are done on 16 ensembles with degenerate up and down quarks of various masses, thus permitting a chiral extrapolation, and over lattice spacings ranging from 0.09 fm to 0.18 fm, thus permitting study of lattice-spacing dependence. We examine combinations of the mass splittings that…
We present an update on the MILC Collaboration's light hadron spectrum calculation with two flavors of dynamical, staggered quarks. We present extrapolations of the nucleon to rho mass ratio to the continuum limit for fixed values of the pi to rho mass ratio including the physical one.
We investigate light hadron spectroscopy with an improved quenched staggered quark action. We compare the results obtained with an improved gauge plus an improved quark action, an improved gauge plus standard quark action, and the standard gauge plus standard quark action. Most of the improvement in the spectroscopy results is due to the improved gauge sector. However, the improved quark action substantially reduces violations of Lorentz invariance, as evidenced by the meson dispersion relations.
We discuss chiral limit of light hadron mass from our quenched staggered calculations with a high lattice cutoff of (a^{-1})(\sim)3.7 GeV at (β)=6.5 and a large lattice volume of (48^3\times 64). We added six heavier quark mass values of (m_qa)=0.0075, 0.015, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 to the previously existing 0.01, 0.005, 0.0025, and 0.00125. An interesting curvature is observed in the (m_π^2/m_q) to (m_q) plot near (m_qa)=0.01.
We present an analysis of hadronic spectroscopy for Wilson valence quarks with dynamical staggered fermions at lattice coupling $6/g^2 = β=5.6$ at sea quark mass $am_q=0.01$ and 0.025, and of Wilson valence quarks in quenched approximation at $β=5.85$ and 5.95, both on $16^3 \times 32$ lattices. We make comparisons with our previous results with dynamical staggered fermions at the same parameter values but on $16^4$ lattices doubled in the temporal direction.
We present preliminary results from the 1991 HEMCGC simulations with staggered dynamical fermions on a $16^3 \times 32$ lattice at $β= 5.6$ with sea quark masses $am_q = 0.025$ and 0.01. The spectroscopy was done both for staggered valence quarks with mass equal to the sea quark masses and for Wilson valence quarks at six different values for $κ$, 0.1320, 0.1410, 0.1525, 0.1565, 0.1585, and 0.1600. In addition to the measurements performed in our earlier work, we also measured the $Δ$ and other `extended' hadrons for staggered valence quarks and pseudo-scalar decay constants and vector meson m…
Preliminary results from simulations with 2+1 dynamical quark flavors at a lattice spacing of 0.09 fm are combined with earlier results at a=0.13 fm. We examine the approach to the continuum limit and investigate the dependence of the pseudoscalar masses and decay constants as the sea and valence quark masses are separately varied.
Without chiral extrapolation, we achieved a realistic nucleon to (ρ)-meson mass ratio of (m_N/m_ρ= 1.23 \pm 0.04 ({\rm statistical}) \pm 0.02 ({\rm systematic})) in our quenched lattice QCD numerical calculation with staggered quarks. The systematic error is mostly from finite-volume effect and the finite-spacing effect is negligible. The flavor symmetry breaking in the pion and (ρ) meson is no longer visible. The lattice cutoff is set at 3.63 (\pm) 0.06 GeV, the spatial lattice volume is (2.59 (\pm) 0.05 fm)(^3), and bare quarks mass as low as 4.5 MeV are used. Possible quenched chiral effect…
We report our light hadron mass calculation based on an increased statistics of 250 quenched gauge configurations on a (48^3 \times 64) lattice at (β= 6.5). Quark propagators are calculated for each of these configurations with staggered wall source and point sink at quark mass values of (m_q = 0.01, 0.005, 0.0025) and (0.00125). We also did additional calculations to improve our understanding of systematic biases arising from autocorrelation, source size, and propagator calculations. Our earlier conclusions that the flavor symmetry breaking is reduced and the ratio (m_N/m_ρ(\sim 1.25(4))) is …
In staggered QCD, many staggered baryons correspond to each physical state. Taste violations lift the continuum degeneracies of the baryons and introduce nonzero off-diagonal elements in the mass matrix. While presenting no problem of principle, these splittings and mixings complicate analyses of simulation results. However, in special cases operators with good SU(3) quantum numbers can be used to circumvent the splittings and mixings. I review what has been learned from staggered chiral perturbation theory, outline a program of attack for the amenable cases, and summarize the present status o…
Electromagnetic effects play an important role in many phenomena such as isospin-symmetry breaking in the hadron spectrum and the hadronic contributions to g-2. We have generalized the MILC QCD code to include the electromagnetic field. In this work, we focus on simulations including charged sea quarks using the RHMC algorithm. We show details of the dynamical QCD+QED simulation algorithm with compact QED. We analyze the code performance and results for hadron-spectrum observables.
With the advent of chiral fermion formulations, the simulation of light valence quarks has finally become realistic for numerical simulations of lattice QCD. The simulation of light dynamical quarks, however, remains one of the major challenges and is still an obstacle to realistic simulations. We attempt to meet this challenge using a hybrid combination of Asqtad sea quarks and domain-wall valence quarks. Initial results for the proton form factor and the nucleon axial coupling are presented.
We have measured some simple matrix elements for pseudoscalar and vector mesons made of Wilson valence quarks and staggered sea quarks at $β=5.6$ at sea quark masses $am_q=0.01$ and 0.025. Our measurements include the decay constants of pseudoscalars (including $f_D$), the wave function at the origin (or decay constant) of vector mesons, and the calculation of quark masses from current algebra. The effects of sea quarks on the simulations are small. We make comparisons to quenched simulations at similar values of the lattice spacing ($1/a \simeq 2$ GeV).
We have been studying effects of dynamical quarks on various hadronic observables, using our recently formulated improvement for staggered fermions. To illustrate improvement, we show that the light hadron spectrum in the quenched approximation gives remarkably good scaling. We highlight three new results: (1) We find no apparent quark loop effects in the Edinburgh plot with 2+1 flavors of dynamical quarks at a = 0.14 fm. (2) We show that dynamical quarks modify the shape of the heavy quark potential. (3) We present results hinting at meson decay effects in light hadron spectroscopy.
We compare several improved actions for staggered quarks. We study the effect of improvement on the taste changing interactions by calculating the splitting in the pion spectrum. We investigate the effect of the improvement on some topological properties.
We have extended our program of QCD simulations with an improved Kogut-Susskind quark action to a smaller lattice spacing, approximately 0.09 fm. Also, the simulations with a approximately 0.12 fm have been extended to smaller quark masses. In this paper we describe the new simulations and computations of the static quark potential and light hadron spectrum. These results give information about the remaining dependences on the lattice spacing. We examine the dependence of computed quantities on the spatial size of the lattice, on the numerical precision in the computations, and on the step siz…
This thesis presents the setup and results of numerical calculation of hadronic matrix elements of Delta S=1 weak operators, with the aim of studying the Delta I=1/2 rule and direct CP violation. Such study provides a useful comparison of the Standard Model predictions with experiment. We work within the framework of (partially quenched) Lattice QCD with the staggered (Kogut-Susskind) version of fermions. We have achieved a reasonable statistical accuracy in calculating all matrix elements in question. Based on these results, we find that the Delta I=1/2 channel in K to 2 Pi decays is enhanced…
In HISQ simulations by the MILC and Fermilab Lattice collaborations, both the light quarks and the charm quark are staggered. We extend staggered chiral perturbation theory (\schpt) to include such all-staggered heavy-light mesons. We assume that the heavy quark action is sufficiently improved that we may take $a m_Q <<1$ (where $m_Q$ is the heavy quark mass), but also that $m_Q>>Λ_{QCD}$ so that a continuum heavy quark expansion is appropriate. Using this \schpt, the leptonic decay constant of the heavy-light meson is calculated at next-to-leading-order. The pattern of taste splittings in the…
We present exploratory results for the hadron mass spectrum and pseudoscalar meson decay constants using mixed actions. We use improved staggered sea quarks and HYP-smeared overlap valence quarks. We obtain good signals on 10 configurations at one lattice spacing and two different sets of sea quark masses.
We report our quenched staggered light hadron mass calculation at the coupling of β= 6.5 on a 48^3 \times 64 lattice, based on an increased statistics of two hundred gauge configurations. Staggered quark wall sources with mass of m_q a = 0.01, 0.005, 0.0025 and 0.00125 are used. Flavor symmetry is restored for pion and ρmeson. The lattice scale is estimated to be a^{-1} = 3.7(2) GeV.
I study two-flavor staggered chiral perturbation theory in the light pseudoscalar sector. The pion mass and decay constant are calculated through NLO in the partially-quenched case. In the limit where the strange quark mass is large compared to the light quark masses and the taste splittings, I show that the SU(2) staggered chiral theory emerges from the SU(3) staggered chiral theory, as expected. Explicit relations between SU(2) and SU(3) low energy constants and taste-violating parameters are given. The results are useful for SU(2) chiral fits to asqtad data and allow one to incorporate effe…
We have extended staggered chiral perturbation theory to O(a^2 p^2), O(a^4), and O(a^2 m), the orders necessary for a full next-to-leading order calculation of pseudo-Goldstone boson masses and decay constants including taste-symmetry violations. We present predictions relating SO(4) taste-breaking splittings in masses, pseudoscalar decay constants, and dispersion relations. These can be used to test the fourth-root trick.
We perform a nonperturbative tuning of the coefficients in the $O(a^2)$ improved action for staggered fermions. The mass splitting for the pions of different doubler flavor is used as a measure of the symmetry breaking effects introduced by $O(a^2)$ discretization errors. We find that the flavor nondegeneracy can be somewhat reduced but not eliminated by such a tuning, indicating the need for new terms in the action to reduce the nondegeneracy.
We present the most recent lattice results for the lowest-order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment using 2+1 flavor improved staggered fermions. A precise fit to the low-q^2 region of the vacuum polarization is necessary to accurately extract the muon g-2. To obtain this fit, we use staggered chiral perturbation theory with the inclusion of the vector particles as resonances, to evaluate the vacuum polarization. We discuss the preliminary fit results and attendant systematic uncertainties, paying particular attention to the relative contributions of the pions and vecto…
We have extended our previous study of the lattice QCD spectrum with 2 flavors of staggered dynamical quarks at $6/g^2=5.6$ and $am_q=0.025$ and 0.01 to larger lattices, with better statistics and with additional sources for the propagators. The additional sources allowed us to estimate the $Δ$ mass and to measure the masses of all mesons whose operators are local in time. These mesons show good evidence for flavor symmetry restoration, except for the masses of the Goldstone and non-Goldstone pions. PCAC is observed in that $m_π^2 \propto m_q$, and $f_π$ is estimated. Use of undoubled lattices…
We test the cooling algorithm with gluonic and staggered hadronic spectroscopy on $SU(3)$ gauge field configurations generated with two flavors of staggered dynamical fermions. We find cooling is not reliable as the basis for improved hadronic operators. We also find that performing cooling sweeps to reveal more clearly the topological properties of the gauge fields eliminates the spin structure of the hadron spectrum.
We give a preliminary report on the hadron spectrum on an ensemble of quenched lattices at $β$ values of 6.0, 6.2 and 6.4, using staggered fermions and collaborators Rajan Gupta and Steve Sharpe. Because of the relatively small number of configurations we pay marginally more attention to the question of statistics than in previous analyses. We are unable to discredit quenched QCD.
We demonstrate the viability of improved staggered light quarks in studies of heavy-light systems. Our method for constructing heavy-light operators exploits the close relation between naive and staggered fermions. The new approach is tested on quenched configurations using several staggered actionsn combined with nonrelativistic heavy quarks. The B_s meson kinetic mass, the hyperfine and 1P-1S splittings in B_s, and the decay constant f_{B_s} are calculated and compared to previous quenched lattice studies. An important technical detail, Bayesian curve-fitting, is discussed at length.
We present a lattice calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization and the lowest-order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a_μ= (g-2)/2, using 2+1 flavors of improved staggered fermions. A precise fit to the low-q^2 region of the vacuum polarization is necessary to accurately extract the muon g-2. To obtain this fit, we use staggered chiral perturbation theory, including the vector particles as resonances, and compare these to polynomial fits to the lattice data. We discuss the fit results and associated systematic uncertainties, paying particular attention to the r…
In highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) simulations by the HPQCD, MILC, and Fermilab Lattice collaborations, both the light quarks and the charm quark are staggered. We extend chiral perturbation theory for staggered quarks to include such all-staggered heavy-light mesons. We assume that the heavy quark action is sufficiently improved that we may take $a m_Q <<1$ (where $m_Q$ is the heavy quark mass), but also that $m_Q>>Λ_{QCD}$ so that a continuum heavy quark expansion is appropriate. We develop this effective chiral theory through next-to-leading order, and use it to study the pattern of …
We have computed the eta-prime pseudoscalar octet mass splitting using staggered fermions on both dynamical and quenched gauge configurations. We have used Wuppertal smeared operators to reduce excited state contributions. We compare our results with the theoretical forms predicted by partially quenched chiral perturbation theory in the lowest order. Using lattice volumes of size 16^3 x 32 with a^{-1}=2GeV we obtain results consistent with the physical eta-prime mass. We also demonstrate that the flavor singlet piece of the eta-prime mass comes from zero modes of the Dirac operator.
Last year we proposed using staggered fermions as the light quarks, combined with nonrelativistic heavy quarks, in simulations of heavy-light mesons. A first round of tests which focuses on the B_s meson has been completed using quenched lattices, and results are presented here for the kinetic B_s mass, the B_s^* - B_s splitting, and f_{B_s}. The next project, already underway, is to compute the B and B_s decay constants and spectra on the n_f = 2+1 and 3 MILC lattices. We report on progress with one set of these configurations.
We use the dynamical gluon configurations provided by the MILC collaboration in a study of the charmonium spectrum and psi leptonic width. We examine sea quark effects on mass splitting and on the leptonic decay matrix element for light masses as low as m_s/5, while keeping the strange quark mass fixed and the lattice spacing nearly constant.
We study calibration procedures of the staggered quarks on anisotropic lattices in the quenched approximation and in $N_f = 2$ dynamical simulations. For the calibration conditions we adopt the hadronic radii $r_0$ and the meson masses in the temporal and spatial directions. On the quenched lattice, we calibrate the quark field and compare the result with the result determined using the meson dispersion relation. In dynamical simulations, we determine the anisotropy parameters $γ_G$ and $γ_F$ simultaneously within 1% accuracy at renormalized anisotropy $ξ= a_s/a_t = 4$.
We present a calculation of the nucleon electromagnetic form-factors as well as the pion and rho to pion transition form-factors in a hybrid calculation with domain wall valence quarks and improved staggered (Asqtad) sea quarks.
We investigate a class of actions for lattice QCD with staggered quarks aimed at reducing the flavour symmetry violations associated with using staggered fermions. These actions replace the gauge field link fields in the quark action with covariantly smeared fields. As such they are an extension of actions considered by the MILC collaboration. We show that such actions systematically reduce flavour symmetry violations in the weak coupling limit. Using the mass splitting between Goldstone and non-Goldstone pions as a measure of flavour symmetry violations we find that these actions have conside…
Using 4 flavors of staggered fermions at infinite gauge coupling, we compare various analytic results for the hadron spectrum with exact Monte Carlo simulations. Agreement with Ref. \cite{Martin_etal} is very good, at the level of a few percent. Our results give credence to a discrepancy between the baryon mass and the critical chemical potential, for which baryons fill the lattice at zero temperature and infinite gauge coupling. Independent determinations of the latter set it at about 30% less than the baryon mass. One possible explanation is that the nuclear attraction becomes strong at infi…
In the light pseudoscalar sector, we study rooted staggered chiral perturbation theory in the two-flavor case. The pion mass and decay constant are calculated through NLO for a partially-quenched theory. In the limit where the strange quark mass is large compared to the light quark masses and the taste splittings, we show that the SU(2) staggered chiral theory emerges from the SU(3) staggered chiral theory, as expected. Explicit relations between SU(2) and SU(3) low energy constants and taste-violating parameters are given. A brief summary of updated SU(2) chiral fits to the MILC lattice data …
We discuss preliminary results from our quenched light hadron mass calculation on a $48^3 \times 64$ lattice at the coupling of $β= 6.5$. Staggered quarks with masses of $m_q = 0.01, 0.005, 0.0025$ and $0.00125$ are used.
We present updated results for the light-quark connected part of the leading hadronic contribution to the muon $g-2$ from configurations with 2+1+1 flavors of HISQ quarks using the time-momentum representation of the electromagnetic current correlator. We have added statistics on two ensembles as well as a fourth lattice spacing using configurations that have been generated by the MILC collaboration at the physical pion mass. Additionally we account for the leading finite-volume and taste-breaking effects using Staggered Chiral Perturbation Theory at NNLO.
We compute the scattering lengths of charmed mesons and charmonia scattering with light hadrons in full QCD. We use Fermilab formulation for the charm quark and domain-wall fermions for the light quarks and staggered sea quarks. Four different light-quark masses are used to extrapolate to the physical point. The charmed baryon spectrum is also presented.
The mass differences between spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 baryons are compared to the mass differences between spin-0 and spin-1 mesons. Results of simulations for charmed hadrons in the quenched approximation from a tadpole-improved anisotropic action are discussed in the context of other lattice calculations, quark model predictions, heavy quark symmetry predictions and experimental data.
We study taste and Euclidean rotational symmetry violation for staggered fermions at nonzero lattice spacing using staggered chiral perturbation theory. We extend the staggered chiral Lagrangian to O(a^2 p^2), O(a^4) and O(a^2 m), the orders necessary for a full next-to-leading order calculation of pseudo-Goldstone boson masses and decay constants including analytic terms. We then calculate a number of SO(4) taste-breaking quantities, which involve only a small subset of these NLO operators. We predict relationships between SO(4) taste-breaking splittings in masses, pseudoscalar decay constant…
We present new results in an ongoing study of the nature of the high temperature crossover in QCD with two light fermion flavors. These results are obtained with the conventional staggered fermion action at the smallest lattice spacing to date---approximately 0.1 fm. Of particular interest are a study of the temperature of the crossover, an important indicator of continuum scaling, a determination of the induced baryon charge and baryon susceptibility, used to study the dissolution of hadrons at the crossover, the scalar susceptibility, a signal for the appearance of soft modes, and the chiral…
Lattice QCD with 2 light staggered quark flavours is being simulated on a $16^3\times8$ lattice to study the transition from hadronic matter to a quark gluon plasma. We have completed runs at $m_q=0.0125$ and are extending this to $m_q=0.00625$. We also examine the addition of a non-dynamical "strange" quark. Thermodynamic order parameters are being measured across the transition and further into the plasma phase, as are various screening lengths. No evidence for a first order transition is seen, and we estimate the transition temperature to be $TY_c=143(7) MeV$.
We have studied the hadron spectrum while varying the number of light dynamical quarks when the physical lattice spacing and volume are held fixed relative to the rho mass. For two and zero flavors of staggered fermions, we find the nucleon to rho mass ratios (extrapolated to zero valence quark mass) are very similar. However, for four flavors the ratio is 7% (2 standard deviations) above the two flavor result.
We present improved results for the B and D meson spectrum from lattice QCD including the effect of u/d,s and c quarks in the sea. For the B mesons the Highly Improved Staggered Quark action is used for the sea and light valence quarks and NonRelativistic QCD for the b quark including O(α_s) radiative corrections to many of the Wilson coefficients for the first time. The D mesons use the Highly Improved Staggered Quark action for both valence quarks on the same sea. We find M_{B_s}-M_B=84(2) MeV, M_{B_s}=5.366(8) GeV, M_{B_c}=6.278(9) GeV, M_{D_s}=1.9697(33) GeV, and M_{D_s}-M_{D}=101(3) MeV. …
We calculate bottom-hadron mass splittings with respect to $B_d$ and $Λ_b$ using full QCD with 2+1 flavors of dynamical Kogut-Susskind sea quarks and domain-wall valence quarks along with a static heavy quark. Our lattices have spatial volume of $(2.5{fm})^3$ with lattice spacing about 0.124 fm and a range of pion masses as low as 291 MeV. Our results are in agreement with experimental observations and other lattice calculations within our statistical and systematic errors. In particular, we find the mass of the $Ω_b$ to be consistent with the recent CDF measurement. We also predict the mass f…
