粘性液体中的管道效应
Pipe effect in viscous liquids
摘要：
本文对高粘度液体中的一种现象进行了详细的实验和理论研究，这种现象在以前的文献中没有报道过，即重物体通过时会形成一定的管道结构，这种结构会持续相当长的时间。一个非常丰富的现象学（包括机械，光学和结构效应）与管道的形成已被观察到在不同的液体。实际上，这种结构的特殊动力学演化并不是标准弛豫或虚假效应的一个微不足道的表现。特别是，我们已经揭示了不同的时间尺度在管道的演变和非单调的持续时间减少粘度降低（至少有两个不同的最大值的外观）。提出了一个与实验数据相一致的微观模型，其中管道表现为圆柱形介质壳。结构的一般时间演化已被描述在一个简单的物理模型，预测几个特点有效地观察到。
英文摘要：
A detailed experimental and theoretical study has been performed about a phenomenon, not previously reported in the literature, occurring in highly viscous liquids: the formation of a definite pipe structure induced by the passage of a heavy body, this structure lasting for quite a long time. A very rich phenomenology (including mechanical, optical and structural effects) associated with the formation of the pipe has been observed in different liquids. Actually, the peculiar dynamical evolution of that structure does not appear as a trivial manifestation of standard relaxation or spurious effects. In particular we have revealed different time scales during the evolution of the pipe and a non-monotonous decreasing of the persistence time with decreasing viscosity (with the appearance of at least two different maxima). A microscopic model consistent with the experimental data, where the pipe behaves as a cylindrical dielectric shell, has been proposed. The general time evolution of the structure has been described in terms of a simple thermodynamical model, predicting several peculiarities effectively observed.
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