动态复制子：适应不断变化的细胞环境
The Dynamic Replicon: adapting to a changing cellular environment
摘要：
真核细胞经常暴露于生长条件的波动以及内源性和外源性应激相关因子。此外，在发育过程中，基因转录的全球模式发生了显着变化，这些变化与DNA复制模式的改变有关。例如，在后生动物胚胎中，转录被全面抑制，基因组中的任何序列都可以作为DNA合成的起始位点。当转录被激活并进入G1期时，复制模式通过限制DNA合成开始的位点来适应这些变化。最近的证据表明，每个复制单位或复制子由两个或更多个潜在的复制起点指定，但只有一个被选择来启动复制子的复制。细胞如何区分潜在的起源，以及它如何选择一个给定的复制起点仍然不清楚。这提出了关于真核复制子的性质和定义的重要问题。在下文中，我们将审查新出现的证据有关的机制，在正常和扰动的真核细胞周期中参与调节复制起点。
英文摘要：
Eukaryotic cells are often exposed to fluctuations in growth conditions as well as endogenous and exogenous stress-related agents. In addition, during development global patterns of gene transcription change dramatically, and these changes are associated with altered patterns of DNA replication. In metazoan embryos, for example, transcription is repressed globally and any sequence in the genome can serve as a site for the start of DNA synthesis. As transcription is activated and a G1 phase imposed, the pattern of replication adapts to these changes by restricting the sites where DNA synthesis begins. Recent evidence indicates that each unit of replication, or replicon, is specified by two or more potential replication origins, but only one is selected to initiate replication of the replicon. How the cell distinguishes between potential origins, and how it selects a given origin of replication remain unclear. This raises important questions concerning the nature and definition of the eukaryotic replicon. In the following we will review emerging evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in regulating replication origins during both the normal and perturbed eukaryotic cell cycle.
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