切伦科夫望远镜观测超快光学耀斑的能力
Capability of Cherenkov Telescopes to Observe Ultra-fast Optical Flares
摘要：
H.E.S.S.的大型光学反射器（~ 100 m^2）切伦科夫望远镜被用来寻找天体物理起源的非常快的光学瞬变。使用具有微秒时间分辨率的专用光度计对恒星质量黑洞和中子星进行了43小时的观测。光度计由七个光电倍增管像素组成：中心的一个用于监视目标，周围的六个像素环用于否决背景事件。连续记录所有像素的光变曲线，并使用匹配过滤技术离线搜索持续时间为2 us至100 ms的耀斑。正如预期的那样，检测到许多未解决的（<3 us）和许多长（>500 us）的背景事件，起源于地球大气层。在3到500 us的时间范围内，测量基本上是无背景的，在43小时内只检测到8个事件; 5个来自闪电，3个可能来自一块空间碎片。从空间碎片中探测到的亮度约为0.1 Jy，持续时间仅为20 us的闪光表明，这种装置有可能在数十微秒的时间尺度上发现罕见的光学耀斑。这个时间尺度对应于恒星质量黑洞和中子星的光穿越时间。
英文摘要：
The large optical reflector (~ 100 m^2) of a H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescope was used to search for very fast optical transients of astrophysical origin. 43 hours of observations targeting stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars were obtained using a dedicated photometer with microsecond time resolution. The photometer consists of seven photomultiplier tube pixels: a central one to monitor the target and a surrounding ring of six pixels to veto background events. The light curves of all pixels were recorded continuously and were searched offline with a matched-filtering technique for flares with a duration of 2 us to 100 ms. As expected, many unresolved (<3 us) and many long (>500 us) background events originating in the earth's atmosphere were detected. In the time range 3 to 500 us the measurement is essentially background-free, with only eight events detected in 43 h; five from lightning and three presumably from a piece of space debris. The detection of flashes of brightness ~ 0.1 Jy and only 20 us duration from the space debris shows the potential of this setup to find rare optical flares on timescales of tens of microseconds. This timescale corresponds to the light crossing time of stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars.
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