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arXiv 0812.3906astro-ph
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Cosmic ray驱动着银河圆盘中的发电机。参数研究

Cosmic ray driven dynamo in galactic disks. A parameter study

Michał Hanasz, Katarzyna Otmianowska-Mazur, Grzegorz Kowal, Harald Lesch

摘要:

我们提出了一个参数的宇宙射线驱动的磁流体发电机在星际介质(ISM)的磁场放大效率和磁,动能和宇宙线(CR)之间的能量均分的问题。我们进行数值CR-MHD模拟ISM使用扩展版本的ZEUS-3D代码在剪切盒近似,并考虑到欧姆电阻率,潮汐力和垂直盘重力的存在。CR是随机分布的超新星(SN)遗迹,并描述了扩散平流方程,其中包括各向异性扩散张量。方位角磁通量和总磁能根据模型参数的特定选择而被放大。我们发现,磁场放大的最有利条件对应于磁扩散率的顺序$3\times 10^{25} \cm^2\s^{-1}$,SN率接近银河系中观察到的,周期性SN活动对应于螺旋臂,和高度各向异性和场对齐CR扩散。磁场放大率在实际值的10%至100%范围内对SN率的大小相对不敏感。在最有利的条件下,磁场放大的时间尺度为1.5亿年,在银河系中心半径等于5千秒差距。最后的磁场能量波动与气体动能均分附近。在所有模型中,CR能量超过均分值至少一个数量级,与预期的均分相反。我们认为,宇宙射线的过剩可以归因于剪切盒不允许宇宙射线沿水平磁场离开系统的事实。

英文摘要:

We present a parameter study of the magnetohydrodynamical dynamo driven by cosmic rays in the interstellar medium (ISM) focusing on the efficiency of magnetic field amplification and the issue of energy equipartition between magnetic, kinetic and cosmic ray (CR) energies. We perform numerical CR-MHD simulations of the ISM using the extended version of ZEUS-3D code in the shearing box approximation and taking into account the presence of Ohmic resistivity, tidal forces and vertical disk gravity. CRs are supplied in randomly distributed supernova (SN) remnants and are described by the diffusion-advection equation, which incorporates an anisotropic diffusion tensor. The azimuthal magnetic flux and total magnetic energy are amplified depending on a particular choice of model parameters. We find that the most favorable conditions for magnetic field amplification correspond to magnetic diffusivity of the order of $3\times 10^{25} \cm^2\s^{-1}$, SN rates close to those observed in the Milky Way, periodic SN activity corresponding to spiral arms, and highly anisotropic and field-aligned CR diffusion. The rate of magnetic field amplification is relatively insensitive to the magnitude of SN rates in a rage of spanning 10% up to 100% of realistic values. The timescale of magnetic field amplification in the most favorable conditions is 150 Myr, at galactocentric radius equal to 5 kpc. The final magnetic field energies fluctuate near equipartition with the gas kinetic energy. In all models CR energy exceeds the equipartition values by a least an order of magnitude, in contrary to the expected equipartition. We suggest that the excess of cosmic rays can be attributed to the fact that the shearing-box does not permit cosmic rays to leave the system along the horizontal magnetic field.

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