On the Geometry of the Second Fundamental Form of Translation Surfaces in E3

Lecture notes on the Fundamental Structures of Differential Geometry

This is the first part of the lecture notes that grew out of the special course given during the 2021-2022 academic year. In these lecture notes we present an approach to the fundamental structures of differential geometry that uses the vernacular of sheaves, differential operators and horizontal subbundles.

Riemannian Geometry and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

If a (non-constant) polynomial has no zero, then a certain Riemannian metric is constructed on the two dimensional sphere. Several geometric arguments are then shown to contradict this fact.

A fundamental differential system of Riemannian geometry

We discover a fundamental exterior differential system of Riemannian geometry; indeed, an intrinsic and invariant global system of differential forms of degree $n$ associated to any given oriented Riemannian manifold $M$ of dimension $n+1$. The framework is that of the tangent sphere bundle of $M$. We generalise to a Riemannian setting some results from the theory of hypersurfaces in flat Euclidean space. We give new applications and examples of the associated Euler-Lagrange differential systems.

Hard Lefschetz theorem for valuations, complex integral geometry, and unitarily invariant valuations

We obtain new general results on the structure of the space of translation invariant continuous valuations on convex sets (a version of the hard Lefschetz theorem). Using these and our previous results we obtain explicit characterization of unitarily invariant translation invariant continuous valuations. It implies new integral geometric formulas for real submanifolds in Hermitian spaces generalizing the classical kinematic formulas in Euclidean spaces due to Poincaré, Chern, Santaló, and others.

A fundamental differential system of 3-dimensional Riemannian geometry

We briefly recall a fundamental exterior differential system introduced by the author and then apply it to the case of three dimensions. Here we find new global tensors and intrinsic invariants of oriented Riemaniann 3-manifolds. The system leads to a remarkable Weingarten type equation for surfaces on hyperbolic 3-space. An independent proof for low dimensions of the structural equations gives new insight on the intrinsic exterior differential system.

圈空间的几何V：几何变换群的基本群

The Geometry of Loop Spaces V: Fundamental Groups of Geometric Transformation Groups

该研究利用圈空间上的微分形式，证明了有限维与无限维中多类几何变换群的基本群为无限群，涉及共形群、伪Hermite变换群等实例。

各向同性几何中主曲率比为常数的曲面

Surfaces of constant principal-curvatures ratio in isotropic geometry

本文在欧几里得与各向同性几何中刻画主曲率比为常数的旋转、管道、直纹、螺旋及平移曲面，综合运用线几何、李球几何、常微分方程与代数几何方法。

Ellipses in translation surfaces

We characterize subgroups of the mapping class group that stabilize a Teichmueller disk in terms of ellipses and strips that are immersed in the associated translation surface. In particular, we show that the space of immersed ellipses/strips that meet at least three cone points is naturally a (non-manifold) 2-dimensional cell complex. The topology of this complex and the geometry of its 0-cells determine the translation surface and its affine diffeomorphism group (up to the kernel of the differential).

The fundamental theorem of affine geometry on tori

The classical Fundamental Theorem of Affine Geometry states that for $n\geq 2$, any bijection of $n$-dimensional Euclidean space that maps lines to lines (as sets) is given by an affine map. We consider an analogous characterization of affine automorphisms for compact quotients, and establish it for tori: A bijection of an n-dimensional torus ($n\geq 2$) is affine if and only if it maps lines to lines.

Finsler几何中一个次椭圆算子的基本解

A fundamental solution for a subelliptic operator in Finsler geometry

本文在Finsler与次黎曼几何交界处引入一类非线性偏微分方程，通过构造非各向同性Minkowski规范及其Legendre变换，利用径向函数计算方程作用，最终得到显式基本解。

Affine and fundamental vector fields

This is a review with examples concerning the concepts of affine (in particular, constant and linear) vector fields and fundamental vector fields on a manifold. The affine, linear and constant vector fields on a manifold are shown to be in a bijective correspondence with the fundamental vector fields on it of respectively general affine, general linear and translation groups (locally) represented on the manifold via the described in this work left actions; in a case of the manifolds R^n and C^n, the actions mentioned have the usual meaning of affine, linear and translation transformations.

Fundamental invariants of 2--nondegenerate CR geometries with simple models

This article studies the fundamental invariants of 2--nondegenerate CR geometries with simple models. We show that there are two sources of these invariants. The first source is the harmonic curvature of the parabolic geometry that appears (locally) on the leaf space of the Levi kernel. The second source is the difference between the complex structure on the complex tangent space of the CR geometry and the complex structure on the correspondence space to the underlying parabolic geometry. We show that the later fundamental invariants appear only when the model is generic and if they vanish, th…

Fourier and Gegenbauer expansions for a fundamental solution of the Laplacian in the hyperboloid model of hyperbolic geometry

Due to the isotropy $d$-dimensional hyperbolic space, there exist a spherically symmetric fundamental solution for its corresponding Laplace-Beltrami operator. On the $R$-radius hyperboloid model of $d$-dimensional hyperbolic geometry with $R>0$ and $d\ge 2$, we compute azimuthal Fourier expansions for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation. For $d\ge 2$, we compute a Gegenbauer polynomial expansion in geodesic polar coordinates for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on this negative-constant sectional curvature Riemannian manifold. In three-dimensions, an addition theorem for …

Geometric objects associated with the fundamental connections in Finsler geometry

The aim of the present paper is to provide an \emph{intrinsic} investigation of the properties of the most important geometric objects associated with the fundamental linear connections in Finsler geometry. We investigate intrinsically the most general relations concerning the torsion tensor fields and the curvature tensor fields associated with a given regular connection on the pullback bundle of a Finsler manifold. These relations, in turn, play a key role in obtaining other interesting results concerning the properties of the most important geometric objects associated with the fundamental …

Fourier and Gegenbauer Expansions for a Fundamental Solution of Laplace's Equation in Hyperspherical Geometry

For a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on the $R$-radius $d$-dimensional hypersphere, we compute the azimuthal Fourier coefficients in closed form in two and three dimensions. We also compute the Gegenbauer polynomial expansion for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation in hyperspherical geometry in geodesic polar coordinates. From this expansion in three-dimensions, we derive an addition theorem for the azimuthal Fourier coefficients of a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on the 3-sphere. Applications of our expansions are given, namely closed-form solutions to Poisso…

D-branes and Azumaya/matrix noncommutative differential geometry, I: D-branes as fundamental objects in string theory and differentiable maps from Azumaya/matrix manifolds with a fundamental module to real manifolds

We consider D-branes in string theory and address the issue of how to describe them mathematically as a fundamental object (as opposed to a solitonic object) of string theory in the realm in differential and symplectic geometry. The notion of continuous maps, $k$-times differentiable maps, and smooth maps from an Azumaya/matrix manifold with a fundamental module to a (commutative) real manifold $Y$ is developed. Such maps are meant to describe D-branes or matrix branes in string theory when these branes are light and soft with only small enough or even zero brane-tension. When $Y$ is a symplec…