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arXiv 0812.3153astro-ph
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类星体辐射吸积流动力学的三维模拟

Three-Dimensional Simulations of Dynamics of Accretion Flows Irradiated by a Quasar

Ryuichi Kurosawa, Daniel Proga

摘要:

研究了在超大质量黑洞引力和辐射有效流吸积到黑洞上所产生的辐射力的影响下,气体的轴对称和非轴对称的含时流体动力学.我们考虑了两种情况:(1)没有旋转的环境气体吸积形成外流和(2)有弱旋转的情况。本研究的主要目的是:(1)检验具有相同初始和边界条件但不同维度(二维和三维)的模型之间是否存在显著差异;(2)了解活动星系核中的气体动力学。我们的非旋转气体的3-D模拟显示出小而明显的非轴对称小尺度特征内的流出。总的来说,流出和流入似乎没有受到任何大规模不稳定的影响。在旋转情况下,非轴对称特征非常突出,特别是在外流中,它由许多冷的稠密云夹带在一个更平滑的热流中。由于剪切不稳定性和热不稳定性,三维出流是非轴对称的。在2-D和3-D模拟中,气体旋转增加流出热能通量,但减少流出质量和动能通量。旋转也导致时间的变化和分裂的流出在径向和纬度方向。在有气体旋转的模型中,外流的准直性降低了。在3-D的情况下,由于在方位角方向的流出碎片的质量和能量通量的时间变化减少。在我们对旋转气体的三维模拟中,从稠密冷云的运动学中估计的维里质量低估了模拟中使用的实际质量约40%。(略)

英文摘要:

We study the axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric, time-dependent hydrodynamics of gas that is under the influence of the gravity of a super massive black hole (SMBH) and the radiation force produced by a radiatively efficient flow accreting onto the SMBH. We have considered two cases: (1) the formation of an outflow from the accretion of the ambient gas without rotation and (2) that with weak rotation. The main goals of this study are: (1) to examine if there is a significant difference between the models with identical initial and boundary conditions but in different dimensionality (2-D and 3-D), and (2) to understand the gas dynamics in AGN. Our 3-D simulations of a non-rotating gas show small yet noticeable non-axisymmetric small-scale features inside the outflow. The outflow as a whole and the inflow do not seem to suffer from any large-scale instability. In the rotating case, the non-axisymmetric features are very prominent, especially in the outflow which consists of many cold dense clouds entrained in a smoother hot flow. The 3-D outflow is non-axisymmetric due to the shear and thermal instabilities. In both 2-D and 3-D simulations, gas rotation increases the outflow thermal energy flux, but reduces the outflow mass and kinetic energy fluxes. Rotation also leads to time variability and fragmentation of the outflow in the radial and latitudinal directions. The collimation of the outflow is reduced in the models with gas rotation. The time variability in the mass and energy fluxes is reduced in the 3-D case because of the outflow fragmentation in the azimuthal direction. The virial mass estimated from the kinematics of the dense cold clouds found in our 3-D simulations of rotating gas underestimates the actual mass used in the simulations by about 40 %. (Abbreviated)

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