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arXiv 0812.2075hep-phastro-phhep-th
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天体物理学的统一探测

Astrophysical Probes of Unification

Asimina Arvanitaki, Savas Dimopoulos, Sergei Dubovsky, Peter W. Graham, Roni Harnik, Surjeet Rajendran

摘要:

检验统一性的传统想法包括寻找质子的衰变及其分支模式。我们指出,一些天体物理实验现在达到的敏感性,使他们能够探索超对称统一理论。在这些理论中,电弱质量DM粒子可以像质子一样通过六维算符衰变,寿命约为10^26秒。有趣的是,这个时间尺度现在正在几个实验中进行研究,包括ATIC,PAMELA,HESS和费米。这种衰变的积极证据可能为我们打开了第一扇直接通向超对称统一尺度(M_GUT ~ 10^16 GeV)和TeV尺度的物理学的窗口。此外,在相同的超对称统一理论中,五维算符可以导致弱尺度超粒子衰变,寿命约为100秒。这样的衰变是由原始轻元素丰度的变化记录的,可以很好地解释目前测得的Li丰度和标准大爆炸核合成之间的不一致,打开了另一个统一的窗口。这些理论对LHC和费米的光谱和特征做出了具体的预测。

英文摘要:

Traditional ideas for testing unification involve searching for the decay of the proton and its branching modes. We point out that several astrophysical experiments are now reaching sensitivities that allow them to explore supersymmetric unified theories. In these theories the electroweak-mass DM particle can decay, just like the proton, through dimension six operators with lifetime ~ 10^26 sec. Interestingly, this timescale is now being investigated in several experiments including ATIC, PAMELA, HESS, and Fermi. Positive evidence for such decays may be opening our first direct window to physics at the supersymmetric unification scale of M_GUT ~ 10^16 GeV, as well as the TeV scale. Moreover, in the same supersymmetric unified theories, dimension five operators can lead a weak-scale superparticle to decay with a lifetime of ~ 100 sec. Such decays are recorded by a change in the primordial light element abundances and may well explain the present discord between the measured Li abundances and standard big bang nucleosynthesis, opening another window to unification. These theories make concrete predictions for the spectrum and signatures at the LHC as well as Fermi.

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