石墨烯中的原子坍缩、洛伦兹增强、克莱因散射和其他量子相对论现象
Atomic collapse, Lorentz boosts, Klein scattering, and other quantum-relativistic phenomena in graphene
摘要：
石墨烯中的电子表现为无质量的相对论性狄拉克粒子，为凝聚态物质与高能物理之间的关系提供了新的视角。我们讨论了原子坍缩，一种新的超重原子剥离其离散的能级，这是转变为共振态的状态。石墨烯中的电荷杂质提供了一个方便的凝聚态系统，其中可以探索这种效应。相对论动力学也在另一个系统中表现出来，石墨烯pn结。我们展示了如何在磁场存在下的输运问题可以解决的帮助下的洛伦兹变换，并使用它来研究磁输运在pn结。最后，我们回顾了最近的建议，使用法布里-珀罗共振在p-n-p结构作为车辆调查克莱因散射，相对论动力学的另一个标志性现象。
英文摘要：
Electrons in graphene, behaving as massless relativistic Dirac particles, provide a new perspective on the relation between condensed matter and high-energy physics. We discuss atomic collapse, a novel state of superheavy atoms stripped of their discrete energy levels, which are transformed into resonant states. Charge impurities in graphene provide a convenient condensed matter system in which this effect can be explored. Relativistic dynamics also manifests itself in another system, graphene p-n junctions. We show how the transport problem in the presence of magnetic field can be solved with the help of a Lorentz transformation, and use it to investigate magnetotransport in p-n junctions. Finally, we review recent proposal to use Fabry-Perot resonances in p-n-p structures as a vehicle to investigate Klein scattering, another hallmark phenomenon of relativistic dynamics.
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