两种守恒定律。物理场与物质系统的联系。场论的特殊性
Two types of conservation laws. Connection of physical fields with material systems. Peculiarities of field theories
摘要：
从历史上看，在与场论有关的物理学分支和物质系统（连续介质）物理学分支中，“守恒定律”的概念具有不同的含义。在场论中，“守恒定律”是那些声称存在保守的物理量或物体的定律。这些是物理场的守恒定律。与物质系统的物理学（和力学）不同，“守恒定律”的概念涉及能量、线动量、角动量和质量的守恒定律，这些定律建立了物理量的变化与外部作用之间的平衡。本文证明了物理场的守恒律与物质系统的守恒律之间存在着联系。这表明，物理场与物质系统相联系。这些结果对场论具有独特的意义。这使人们能够证实场论的许多基本原理，例如，现有的场论和因果关系的统一性。引出了场论方程的特点，即它们与物质系统方程的联系。利用反映守恒律性质的反对称微分形式，得到了这样的结果。
英文摘要：
Historically it happen so that in branches of physics connected with field theory and of physics of material systems (continuous media) the concept of "conservation laws" has a different meaning. In field theory "conservation laws" are those that claim the existence of conservative physical quantities or objects. These are conservation laws for physical fields. In contrast to that in physics (and mechanics) of material systems the concept of "conservation laws" relates to conservation laws for energy, linear momentum, angular momentum, and mass that establish the balance between the change of physical quantities and external action. In the paper presented it is proved that there exist a connection between of conservation laws for physical fields and those for material systems. This points to the fact that physical fields are connected with material systems. Such results has an unique significance for field theories. This enables one to substantiate many basic principles of field theories, such as, for example, the unity of existing field theories and the causality. The specific feature of field theory equations, namely, their connection to the equations for material systems, is elicited. Such results have been obtained by using skew-symmetric differential forms, which reflect the properties of conservation laws.
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