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arXiv 0812.0326astro-ph
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半人马座球状星团中的巨星:尘埃产生、质量损失和距离

Giants in the globular cluster omega Centauri: dust production, mass loss and distance

Iain McDonald, Jacco Th. van Loon, Leen Decin, Martha L. Boyer, Andrea K. Dupree, Aneurin Evans, Robert D. Gehrz, Charles E. Woodward

摘要:

我们目前的光谱能量分布建模的6875颗恒星在半人马座欧米茄,获得恒星的光度和温度,通过拟合文献测光到最先进的MARCS恒星模型。通过与四组不同的等时线的比较,我们提供了一个新的距离估计,即4850 +/- 200(随机)+/- 120(系统误差)pc,红化值E(B-V)= 0.08 +/-0.02 +/- 0.02等,以及年龄为12 Gyr的Δ [E(B-V)] < 0.02等。我们还发现了几个新的后早期AGB候选者,并利用恒星的超红部分测量了单个恒星的总质量损失率,损失率低至约7 x 10^-8 Msun/yr。我们发现该星团的总尘埃质量损失率为1.3(+0.8/-0.5)x 10^-9 Msun/yr,总气体质量损失率大于1.2(+0.6/-0.5)x 10^-6 Msun/yr。该星团一半的尘埃生产和30%的气体生产来自两个最极端的恒星- V6和V42 -我们提出了新的双子座/T-ReCS中红外光谱,可能表明V42有富含碳的尘埃。星团的尘埃温度通常>~550 K。质量损失显然不会随星团内的金属丰度而显著变化,但与钡增强有一定的相关性,这似乎发生在较冷的恒星中,特别是在异常的RGB上。在低金属量恒星质量损失的背景下,还讨论了流出速度的限制、尘埃物体的尘埃-气体比以及短时间尺度质量损失变化的可能性。在RGB尖端附近的恒星周围普遍存在的尘埃表明RGB上有显著的尘埃质量损失;我们估计RGB上通常发生0.20- 0.25 Msun的质量损失。从星团内部物质的观测极限来看,我们认为尘埃在<10^5年的时间尺度上被清除。

英文摘要:

We present spectral energy distribution modelling of 6875 stars in omega Centauri, obtaining stellar luminosities and temperatures by fitting literature photometry to state-of-the-art MARCS stellar models. By comparison to four different sets of isochrones, we provide a new distance estimate to the cluster of 4850 +/- 200 (random) +/- 120 (systematic error) pc, a reddening of E(B-V) = 0.08 +/- 0.02 +/- 0.02 mag and a differential reddening of Delta[E(B-V)] < 0.02 mag for an age of 12 Gyr. Several new post-early-AGB candidates are also found. Infra-red excesses of stars were used to measure total mass-loss rates for individual stars down to ~7 x 10^-8 Msun/yr. We find a total dust mass-loss rate from the cluster of 1.3 (+0.8/-0.5) x 10^-9 Msun/yr, with the total gas mass-loss rate being > 1.2 (+0.6/-0.5) x 10^-6 Msun/yr. Half of the cluster's dust production and 30% of its gas production comes from the two most extreme stars - V6 and V42 - for which we present new Gemini/T-ReCS mid-infrared spectroscopy, possibly showing that V42 has carbon-rich dust. The cluster's dust temperatures are found to be typically >~550 K. Mass loss apparently does not vary significantly with metallicity within the cluster, but shows some correlation with barium enhancement, which appears to occur in cooler stars, and especially on the anomalous RGB. Limits to outflow velocities, dust-to-gas ratios for the dusty objects and the possibility of short-timescale mass-loss variability are also discussed in the context of mass loss from low-metallicity stars. The ubiquity of dust around stars near the RGB-tip suggests significant dusty mass loss on the RGB; we estimate that typically 0.20--0.25 Msun of mass loss occurs on the RGB. From observational limits on intra-cluster material, we suggest the dust is being cleared on a timescale of <~10^5 years.

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