用微快门技术探测低能高角分辨率中性原子：BepiColombo SERENA/ELENA传感器
Low energy high angular resolution neutral atom detection by means of micro-shuttering techniques: the BepiColombo SERENA/ELENA sensor
摘要：
用于欧空局BepiColombo水星任务的中性传感器ELENA（发射低能中性原子）（在SERENA仪器包中）是一种新型的低能中性原子仪器，主要用于行星表面的溅射发射，从E ~20 eV到E~5 keV，在1-D（2x 76 deg）范围内。ELENA是一种基于振荡快门的飞行时间（TOF）系统（工作频率高达100 kHz）和机械光栅：入射中性粒子以一定的时间（START）直接撞击入口，经过一段飞行路径后到达STOP探测器。本文在简要论述了可实现的科学目标后，介绍了该仪器，提出了中性粒子识别的新设计技术和ELENA传感器纳米结构模板芯的设计与制造的纳米技术。预期的计数率，根据Hermean环境的功能，很快提出和讨论。这种设计技术可以卓有成效地出口到行星探索的不同应用中。
英文摘要：
The neutral sensor ELENA (Emitted Low-Energy Neutral Atoms) for the ESA cornerstone BepiColombo mission to Mercury (in the SERENA instrument package) is a new kind of low energetic neutral atoms instrument, mostly devoted to sputtering emission from planetary surfaces, from E ~20 eV up to E~5 keV, within 1-D (2x76 deg). ELENA is a Time-of-Flight (TOF) system, based on oscillating shutter (operated at frequencies up to a 100 kHz) and mechanical gratings: the incoming neutral particles directly impinge upon the entrance with a definite timing (START) and arrive to a STOP detector after a flight path. After a brief dissertation on the achievable scientific objectives, this paper describes the instrument, with the new design techniques approached for the neutral particles identification and the nano-techniques used for designing and manufacturing the nano-structure shuttering core of the ELENA sensor. The expected count-rates, based on the Hermean environment features, are shortly presented and discussed. Such design technologies could be fruitfully exported to different applications for planetary exploration.
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