理想量子晶体的超流性
Superfluidity of a perfect quantum crystal
摘要：
近年来，一些实验数据表明，固态氦中存在超流性的可能性。为了从理论上研究这一现象，我们采用了一个约化密度矩阵方程的层次结构，它描述了一个量子系统，该系统在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚点以下处于热力学平衡，该层次结构是作者早先得到的。它表明，该层次承认解决方案有关的一个完美的晶体（不动），其中有一个无摩擦的原子流，这证明了超流性的可能性，在理想固体。用分歧方法研究了这些解，并发现了它们的一些特性。各种物理方面的问题，其中实验的，以及进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
In recent years, experimental data were published which point to the possibility of the existence of superfluidity in solid helium. To investigate this phenomenon theoretically we employ a hierarchy of equations for reduced density matrices which describes a quantum system that is in thermodynamic equilibrium below the Bose-Einstein condensation point, the hierarchy being obtained earlier by the author. It is shown that the hierarchy admits solutions relevant to a perfect crystal (immobile) in which there is a frictionless flow of atoms, which testifies to the possibility of superfluidity in ideal solids. The solutions are studied with the help of the bifurcation method and some their peculiarities are found out. Various physical aspects of the problem, among them experimental ones, are discussed as well.
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