失败超新星中超子的出现：黑洞形成的触发
Emergence of hyperons in failed supernovae: trigger of the black hole formation
摘要：
利用广义相对论中的中微子辐射流体动力学模拟，研究了非旋转大质量恒星向黑洞动力学坍缩过程中奇异重子的出现。采用新的超子物态方程表，从40 Msun恒星的引力坍缩出发，跟踪了初生原中子星的动力学形成和坍缩过程，发现超子并不出现在核的反弹中，而是在反弹后约0.5-0.7 s迅速聚集，从而触发了再坍缩成黑洞.由于高温，它们开始出现在偏离中心的地方，然后当中心密度足够高时，它们在中心占优势。吸积过程中的原中子星在超子状态方程下的中微子发射比相应的核子状态方程下的中微子发射停止得早得多，而它们的平均能量和光度却非常相似。中微子信号的这些特征是黑洞坍缩过程中新自由度出现的一个潜在的探测器。
英文摘要：
We investigate the emergence of strange baryons in the dynamical collapse of a non-rotating massive star to a black hole by the neutrino-radiation hydrodynamical simulations in general relativity. By following the dynamical formation and collapse of nascent proto-neutron star from the gravitational collapse of a 40Msun star adopting a new hyperonic EOS table, we show that the hyperons do not appear at the core bounce but populate quickly at ~0.5-0.7 s after the bounce to trigger the re-collapse to a black hole. They start to show up off center owing to high temperatures and later prevail at center when the central density becomes high enough. The neutrino emission from the accreting proto-neutron star with the hyperonic EOS stops much earlier than the corresponding case with a nucleonic EOS while the average energies and luminosities are quite similar between them. These features of neutrino signal are a potential probe of the emergence of new degrees of freedom inside the black hole forming collapse.
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