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arXiv 0811.4135astro-ph
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伽马射线暴瞬发辐射的准黑体分量和辐射效率

Quasi-blackbody component and radiative efficiency of the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts

Felix Ryde, Asaf Pe'er

摘要:

我们进行时间分辨光谱的提示发射伽马射线暴(GRBs),并确定一个热,光球组件峰值在几百千电子伏的温度。该峰值不一定与宽带(keV-GeV)功率峰值一致。我们表明,这个热分量表现出一个特性的时间行为。我们研究了56个长爆发的样本,所有这些都足够强大,可以进行时间分辨光谱。我们分析了49个单独的时间分辨脉冲中的热分量的温度和通量的演变,对于这些脉冲,时间覆盖是足够的,并且发现温度在最初的几秒钟内几乎是恒定的,之后它以幂律衰减,样本平均指数为-0.68。热通量首先以0.63的平均幂律指数上升,之后以-2的平均指数衰减。中断时间与误差范围内相同。我们发现,观察到的紧急热通量的比率通常表现出单调的幂律增加在整个脉冲以及在复杂的突发。热光子携带瞬发发射能量(在观察到的25-1900 keV能带中)的显著部分($\sim$ 30%至大于50%),从而显著地有助于高辐射效率。最后,我们在这里表明,热辐射可以用来研究光球的属性,从而伽玛暴火球的物理参数。

英文摘要:

We perform time-resolved spectroscopy on the prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and identify a thermal, photospheric component peaking at a temperature of a few hundreds keV. This peak does not necessarily coincide with the broad band (keV-GeV) power peak. We show that this thermal component exhibits a characteristic temporal behavior. We study a sample of 56 long bursts, all strong enough to allow time-resolved spectroscopy. We analyze the evolution of both the temperature and flux of the thermal component in 49 individual time-resolved pulses, for which the temporal coverage is sufficient, and find that the temperature is nearly constant during the first few seconds, after which it decays as a power law with a sample-averaged index of -0.68. The thermal flux first rises with an averaged power-law index of 0.63 after which it decays with an averaged index of -2. The break times are the same to within errors. We find that the ratio of the observed to the emergent thermal flux typically exhibits a monotoneous power-law increase during the entire pulse as well as during complex bursts. Thermal photons carry a significant fraction ($\sim$ 30 % to more than 50%) of the prompt emission energy (in the observed 25-1900 keV energy band), thereby significantly contributing to the high radiative efficiency. Finally, we show here that the thermal emission can be used to study the properties of the photosphere, hence the physical parameters of the GRB fireball.

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