CMBPol任务概念研究：前景科学知识与展望
CMBPol Mission Concept Study: Foreground Science Knowledge and Prospects
摘要：
我们报告我们的知识，银河系前景，以及如何CMB卫星任务，旨在检测一个原始的B模式信号（CMBPol）将有助于改善it.We审查的观测和分析技术，用于约束银河系磁场的结构，其存在是负责银河系的排放极化。虽然我们目前对磁化星际介质的了解有些有限，但预计到CMBPol飞行的时候，我们对它的性质的了解会有戏剧性的提高。由于高分辨率和高灵敏度的仪器在30 GHz和850 GHz之间的频率下观测整个天空，CMBPol不仅可以通过观测银河系的同步辐射来改善这一图像，还可以帮助约束尘埃模型。来自星际尘埃的偏振发射确实在CMBPol的最高频率通道中占主导地位。因此，在这些波长上的观测，再加上对星光偏振的地面研究，将使我们能够更好地理解尘埃的性质以及尘埃颗粒与银河磁场对齐的机制。CMBPol还将为目前尚未完全理解的观测提供新的线索。对异常尘埃和同步辐射的形态学研究确实会限制它们的性质和特性，而寻找日光层尘埃辐射的波动将检验我们对环日光层星际介质的理解。最后，为了最大限度地利用从CMBPol的CMB透镜观测中提取的宇宙学约束，有必要获得更多关于银河系外源特性的信息。（节略）
英文摘要：
We report on our knowledge of Galactic foregrounds, as well as on how a CMB satellite mission aiming at detecting a primordial B-mode signal (CMBPol) will contribute to improving it. We review the observational and analysis techniques used to constrain the structure of the Galactic magnetic field, whose presence is responsible for the polarization of Galactic emissions. Although our current understanding of the magnetized interstellar medium is somewhat limited, dramatic improvements in our knowledge of its properties are expected by the time CMBPol flies. Thanks to high resolution and high sensitivity instruments observing the whole sky at frequencies between 30 GHz and 850 GHz, CMBPol will not only improve this picture by observing the synchrotron emission from our galaxy, but also help constrain dust models. Polarized emission from interstellar dust indeed dominates over any other signal in CMBPol's highest frequency channels. Observations at these wavelengths, combined with ground-based studies of starlight polarization, will therefore enable us to improve our understanding of dust properties and of the mechanism(s) responsible for the alignment of dust grains with the Galactic magnetic field. CMBPol will also shed new light on observations that are presently not well understood. Morphological studies of anomalous dust and synchrotron emissions will indeed constrain their natures and properties, while searching for fluctuations in the emission from heliospheric dust will test our understanding of the circumheliospheric interstellar medium. Finally, acquiring more information on the properties of extra-Galactic sources will be necessary in order to maximize the cosmological constraints extracted from CMBPol's observations of CMB lensing. (abridged)
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