外场作用下非平衡系统的自发有序
Spontaneous ordering against an external field in nonequilibrium systems
摘要：
我们研究受外场作用的非平衡系统的集体行为，其动力学特征是存在非相互作用状态。为了探索结果的一般性，我们考虑两种类型的模型，根据其状态变量的性质：（i）向量模型，其中相互作用与状态之间的重叠成比例，以及（ii）标量模型，其中相互作用取决于状态之间的距离。在这两种情况下，系统显示三个阶段：两个有序的阶段，一个平行于场，另一个正交于场;和一个无序的阶段。在一个完全连接的网络中的每个模型的相空间的数字特征。通过将粒子放在一个小世界网络上，我们表明，虽然一个规则的晶格有利于与场的对齐，长程相互作用的存在下，促进形成的有序相正交的字段。
英文摘要：
We study the collective behavior of nonequilibrium systems subject to an external field with a dynamics characterized by the existence of non-interacting states. Aiming at exploring the generality of the results, we consider two types of models according to the nature of their state variables: (i) a vector model, where interactions are proportional to the overlap between the states, and (ii) a scalar model, where interaction depends on the distance between states. In both cases the system displays three phases: two ordered phases, one parallel to the field, and another orthogonal to the field; and a disordered phase. The phase space is numerically characterized for each model in a fully connected network. By placing the particles on a small-world network, we show that, while a regular lattice favors the alignment with the field, the presence of long-range interactions promotes the formation of the ordered phase orthogonal to the field.
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