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arXiv 0811.2334cond-mat.soft
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受限条件下胶体晶体的非平衡熔化

Non-equilibrium melting of colloidal crystals in confinement

Enrique Villanova-Vidal, Thomas Palberg, Hans Joachim Schöpe, Hartmut Löwen

摘要:

我们报告了一个新颖的和灵活的实验,调查非平衡熔化行为的模型晶体由带电胶体球。在狭缝几何形状中,在低盐区域中形成的多晶材料由静水压力驱动,盐浓度的梯度逐渐增大,并且在大的盐浓度下熔化。根据颗粒和初始盐浓度,驱动速度和局部盐浓度复杂的形态演变观察。晶体-熔体界面的位置和熔化速度定量地从时间分辨布拉格和偏振显微镜测量。一个简单的理论模型预测的接口,首先前进,然后平衡漂移和熔化速度变得静止在盐浓度大于平衡熔化浓度。它还描述了在以不同方式停止驱动器之后,界面以静止梯度松弛到其平衡位置。我们进一步讨论了梯度强度对界面形态的影响,以及在熔化前从多晶材料到取向单晶材料的剪切诱导形态转变。

英文摘要:

We report on a novel and flexible experiment to investigate the non-equilibrium melting behaviour of model crystals made from charged colloidal spheres. In a slit geometry polycrystalline material formed in a low salt region is driven by hydrostatic pressure up an evolving gradient in salt concentration and melts at large salt concentration. Depending on particle and initial salt concentration, driving velocity and the local salt concentration complex morphologic evolution is observed. Crystal-melt interface positions and the melting velocity are obtained quantitatively from time resolved Bragg- and polarization microscopic measurements. A simple theoretical model predicts the interface to first advance, then for balanced drift and melting velocities to become stationary at a salt concentration larger than the equilibrium melting concentration. It also describes the relaxation of the interface to its equilibrium position in a stationary gradient after stopping the drive in different manners. We further discuss the influence of the gradient strength on the resulting interface morphology and a shear induced morphologic transition from polycrystalline to oriented single crystalline material before melting.

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