慢光法拉第效应：千兆赫带宽的原子探针
Slow-light Faraday effect: an atomic probe with gigahertz bandwidth
摘要：
控制光脉冲的速度和偏振的能力将允许未来光网络中更快的数据流。在包括原子蒸气在内的各种介质中使用慢光技术已经实现了光学延迟和开关。这些蒸汽方案中的大多数利用谐振窄带技术进行光学切换，但是具有有限的频率范围或高损耗的缺点。相比之下，多普勒展宽慢光介质中的法拉第效应允许在几十GHz以上的偏振切换，具有高透射率。这一大的频率范围开辟了在纳秒时间尺度上切换电信带宽脉冲和探测动态的可能性。在这里，我们证明了慢光法拉第效应的光失谐远离共振。我们表明，偏振相关的群指数可以分裂成左，右圆偏振分量的线性偏振纳秒脉冲。群指数也增强了偏振旋转的光谱灵敏度，并且对于连续波光观察到高达15 π rad的大旋转。最后，我们演示了动态宽带脉冲开关，通过旋转线性偏振纳秒脉冲从垂直到水平，没有失真和传输接近统一。
英文摘要：
The ability to control the speed and polarisation of light pulses will allow for faster data flow in optical networks of the future. Optical delay and switching have been achieved using slow-light techniques in various media, including atomic vapour. Most of these vapour schemes utilise resonant narrowband techniques for optical switching, but suffer the drawback of having a limited frequency range or high loss. In contrast, the Faraday effect in a Doppler-broadened slow-light medium allows polarisation switching over tens of GHz with high transmission. This large frequency range opens up the possibility of switching telecommunication bandwidth pulses and probing of dynamics on a nanosecond timescale. Here we demonstrate the slow-light Faraday effect for light detuned far from resonance. We show that the polarisation dependent group index can split a linearly polarised nanosecond pulse into left and right circularly polarised components. The group index also enhances the spectral sensitivity of the polarisation rotation, and large rotations of up to 15 pi rad are observed for continuous-wave light. Finally, we demonstrate dynamic broadband pulse switching, by rotating a linearly polarised nanosecond pulse from vertical to horizontal with no distortion and transmission close to unity.
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