利用量子蒙特卡罗模拟方法,得到了一维和二维强关联格点玻色子在简谐约束势作用下的零温态图。由于谐波陷阱产生的超流和莫特绝缘域的共存,我们使用局部量,如量子波动的密度和局部可压缩性,以确定存在于不均匀的密度分布的相位。我们强调使用的“特征密度”,以产生一个状态图,是相关的实验光晶格系统,无论玻色子或陷阱曲率的数量和有效性的局域密度近似。结果表明,陷阱中出现Mott绝缘畴的临界U/t值与系统中的填充有关,一般大于均匀系统中的U/t值。Spielman等人最近的实验结果[Phys. Rev. Lett. 100,120402(2008)]进行了分析,在我们的二维状态图的上下文中,并显示出表现出与模拟良好一致的临界点的值。我们还研究了有限的,但低(T<t/2),温度的影响。我们发现,在两个维度上,他们对我们的零温度结果的影响很小,而他们的效果是更明显的一维。
英文摘要:
We use quantum Monte Carlo simulations to obtain zero-temperature state diagrams for strongly correlated lattice bosons in one and two dimensions under the influence of a harmonic confining potential. Since harmonic traps generate a coexistence of superfluid and Mott insulating domains, we use local quantities such as the quantum fluctuations of the density and a local compressibility to identify the phases present in the inhomogeneous density profiles. We emphasize the use of the "characteristic density" to produce a state diagram that is relevant to experimental optical lattice systems, regardless of the number of bosons or trap curvature and of the validity of the local-density approximation. We show that the critical value of U/t at which Mott insulating domains appear in the trap depends on the filling in the system, and it is in general greater than the value in the homogeneous system. Recent experimental results by Spielman et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 120402 (2008)] are analyzed in the context of our two-dimensional state diagram, and shown to exhibit a value for the critical point in good agreement with simulations. We also study the effects of finite, but low (T<t/2), temperatures. We find that in two dimensions they have little influence on our zero-temperature results, while their effect is more pronounced in one dimension.
The Projected Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for harmonically confined Bose gases
我们扩展了Davis等人[Phys. Rev. Lett. \bf{87},160402(2001)]中的方法应用于谐波势的实验相关情况。我们概述了一个强大的和准确的数值方案,可以有效地模拟这个系统。我们应用这种方法研究了有限温度下三维玻色气体的平衡性质,并考虑了凝聚分数、位置和动量分布以及密度涨落对温度的依赖关系.我们应用该方案来模拟一个蒸发冷却过程,其中高能粒子的优先去除导致玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的生长。我们表明,凝聚分数可以推断在动态过程中,即使在这种非平衡的情况下。