驱动黑洞内部质量膨胀的相对论逆流不稳定性的物理学
The physics of the relativistic counter-streaming instability that drives mass inflation inside black holes
摘要：
如果你落入一个真正的天文学黑洞（选择一个超大质量黑洞，以确保潮汐力不会先把你抓住），那么你的命运很可能不是在中心奇点，而是在泊松和以色列（1990）首次指出的内视界指数增长的相对论逆流不稳定性中，他们称之为质量膨胀。本文的主要目的是对球形带电黑洞暴胀的物理原因和结果作一清楚的阐述。暴胀的作用就像一个粒子加速器，它将冷的流入和流出的流相互加速到惊人的高能量。暴胀是靠自身的力量产生的：加速是由流动的能量产生的重力提供动力的。该文件：（1）使用物理参数来发展简单的近似，遵循从点火到膨胀本身，到坍缩的膨胀演变;（2）证实简单近似准确地捕获完全非线性的单流体和双流体自相似模型的结果;（3）证明，反直觉地，吸积率越小，膨胀指数越快;（4）表明在单一完美流体模型中，只有当声速等于光速时才会发生暴胀，支持单一流体中的暴胀是由相对论性波的逆流驱动的物理观点;（5）表明，在达到普朗克曲率的暴胀过程中发生的事情并不取决于遥远的过去或未来，而是发生在过去或未来的几百次黑洞穿越中的事件;（6）表明，如果量子引力不介入，那么暴胀的一般最终结果不是广义相对论零奇点，而是半径为零的类空奇点。
英文摘要：
If you fall into a real astronomical black hole (choosing a supermassive black hole, to make sure that the tidal forces don't get you first), then you will probably meet your fate not at a central singularity, but rather in the exponentially growing, relativistic counter-streaming instability at the inner horizon first pointed out by Poisson & Israel (1990), who called it mass inflation. The chief purpose of this paper is to present a clear exposition of the physical cause and consequence of inflation in spherical, charged black holes. Inflation acts like a particle accelerator in that it accelerates cold ingoing and outgoing streams through each other to prodigiously high energies. Inflation feeds on itself: the acceleration is powered by the gravity produced by the streaming energy. The paper: (1) uses physical arguments to develop simple approximations that follow the evolution of inflation from ignition, through inflation itself, to collapse; (2) confirms that the simple approximations capture accurately the results of fully nonlinear one- and two-fluid self-similar models; (3) demonstrates that, counter-intuitively, the smaller the accretion rate, the more rapidly inflation exponentiates; (4) shows that in single perfect-fluid models, inflation occurs only if the sound speed equals the speed of light, supporting the physical idea that inflation in single fluids is driven by relativistic counter-streaming of waves; (5) shows that what happens during inflation up to the Planck curvature depends not on the distant past or future, but rather on events happening only a few hundred black hole crossing times into the past or future; (6) shows that, if quantum gravity does not intervene, then the generic end result of inflation is not a general relativistic null singularity, but rather a spacelike singularity at zero radius.
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