Birkhoff定理未能将MOND从非定域物理中拯救出来
Birkhoff's theorem fails to save MOND from non-local physics
摘要：
我们研究了Birkhoff定理在广义相对论（GR）和修正牛顿动力学（MOND）中的结果。我们研究，特别是，系统的有限质量的测试粒子内的球壳。在GR和MOND中，我们发现测试粒子的加速度不为零。加速度的方向是将测试粒子推向壳的中心。在GR中，加速度是在一个小的测试质量的情况下，从壳体的中心有一个小的位移分析。在MOND中，在大试验质量和小位移的极限下，得到了加速度的解析解，并与数值结果进行了比较。数值模拟做了更一般的情况下，与参数，模仿系统的星系团。在GR中，加速度被高度抑制，并且在物理上不重要。相反，在MOND中，点粒子的加速度可以是球壳外场的一个重要部分。
英文摘要：
We investigate the consequences of Birkhoff's theorem in general relativity (GR) and in Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). We study, in particular, the system of a finite-mass test particle inside a spherical shell. In both GR and MOND, we find non-vanishing acceleration for that test particle. The direction of the acceleration is such that it pushes the test particle toward the center of the shell. In GR, the acceleration is found analytically in the case of a small test mass with a small displacement from the center of the shell. In MOND, the acceleration is found analytically in the limit of large test mass and small displacement, and a comparison to numerical values is made. Numerical simulations are done for more general cases with parameters that mimic the system of a galaxy in a cluster. In GR, the acceleration is highly suppressed, and physically insignificant. In MOND, on the contrary, the acceleration of the point particle can be a significant fraction of the field just outside of the spherical shell.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
