A robust morphological classification of high-redshift galaxies using support vector machines on seeing limited images. II. Quantifying morphological k-correction in the COSMOS field at 1<z<2: Ks band vs. I band
M. Huertas-Company, L. Tasca, D. Rouan, D. Pelat, J. P. Kneib, O. Le Fevre, P. Capak, J. Kartaltepe, A. Koekemoer, H. J. McCracken, M. Salvato, D. B. Sanders, C. Willott
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accepted for publication in A&A, updated with referee comments, 12 pages, 10 figures
We quantify the effects of \emph{morphological k-correction} at $1<z<2$ by comparing morphologies measured in the K and I-bands in the COSMOS area. Ks-band data have indeed the advantage of probing old stellar populations for $z<2$, enabling a determination of galaxy morphological types unaffected by recent star formation. In paper I we presented a new non-parametric method to quantify morphologies of galaxies on seeing limited images based on support vector machines. Here we use this method to classify $\sim$$50 000$ $Ks$ selected galaxies in the COSMOS area observed with WIRCam at CFHT. The obtained classification is used to investigate the redshift distributions and number counts per morphological type up to $z\sim2$ and to compare to the results obtained with HST/ACS in the I-band on the same objects from other works. We associate to every galaxy with $Ks<21.5$ and $z<2$ a probability between 0 and 1 of being late-type or early-type. The classification is found to be reliable up to $z\sim2$. The mean probability is $p\sim0.8$. It decreases with redshift and with size, especially for the early-type population but remains above $p\sim0.7$. The classification is globally in good agreement with the one obtained using HST/ACS for $z<1$. Above $z\sim1$, the I-band classification tends to find less early-type galaxies than the Ks-band one by a factor $\sim$1.5 which might be a consequence of morphological k-correction effects. We argue therefore that studies based on I-band HST/ACS classifications at $z>1$ could be underestimating the elliptical population. [abridged]
Morphological Number Counts and Redshift Distributions to I = 25 from the Hubble Deep Fields: Constraints on Cosmological Models from Early Type Galaxies
The effects of environment on morphological evolution between 0<z<1.2 in the COSMOS Survey
我们探索的形态密度关系的演变,使用COSMOS-ACS调查和以前的集群研究。在彼得罗斯孔径中测量的基尼参数被认为是一种有效的方法来选择早型星系的系统效应与红移。我们发现星系从晚期(螺旋形和不规则)到早期(E+ S 0)型星系的转变在密集区域比稀疏区域更快。在给定的密度下,早型组分随宇宙时间不断增长,但增长率随密度的增加呈指数$0.29\pm0.02$的幂律。然而,当密度低于100个星系/百万pc $^{2}$时,在$z>0.4$没有发现演化。相比之下,恒星形成密度关系在所有密度和红移下都显示出强烈的演化,这表明不同的物理机制负责形态和恒星形成的转变。我们发现测光红移可以测量局部星系环境,但目前的结果是有限的测光红移误差的密度以上的$Σ=3$星系每Mpc $^{2}$。
COSMOS morphological classification with ZEST (the Zurich Estimator of Structural Types) and the evolution since z=1 of the Luminosity Function of early-, disk-, and irregular galaxies
出于对数千个宇宙星系的结构进行可靠和自动分类的愿望,我们提出了ZEST,苏黎世结构类型估计。为了对星系结构进行分类,ZEST使用:(i)五个非参数诊断:不对称性,浓度,基尼系数,最亮的20%星系像素的二阶矩和椭圆率;以及(ii)单Sersic的指数n拟合二维表面亮度分布。为了充分利用丰富的信息,同时减少这些诊断中存在的冗余,ZEST执行主成分(PC)分析。我们使用~ 56,000个I<24 COSMOS星系的样本来证明前三个PC完全描述了星系结构的关键方面,即,以校准轴PC_1、PC_2和PC_3的三维分类网格。我们在Frei et al.(1996)的z=0样本上证明了ZEST网格的鲁棒性。ZEST分类打破了不同星系群之间的大部分简并性,这些简并性影响了仅基于ZEST中包含的一些诊断的形态分类。作为第一个应用,我们给出了早期星系、盘星系和不规则星系的COSMOS星系的光度函数自z~1以来的演化,对于盘星系,给出了不同的球盘比。总的来说,我们发现红移z=1的LF与纯光度演化(在z = 0.7时约为0.95等)一致。然而,我们强调两个趋势,这是在一般协议与缩小规模的情况下,星系形成:(1)。MB>-20.5结构分类的早型星系在z~0.7处的亏损约为2倍;在类似的红移下,超过三倍的不规则星系。
The scaling relations of early--type galaxies in clusters I. Surface photometry in seven nearby clusters
这是一系列研究星系团中早型星系标度关系的第一篇论文。在这里,我们说明了多波段图像和图像缩小和校准程序相对于整个样本的22个集群在0.05 < z < 0.25。我们还给出了第一个红移面元z~0.025-0.075内7个星系团中312个早型星系的详细表面测光结果。我们给每个星系的光度和几何配置文件的完整设置,和一些全球性的,光度和形态参数。它们已经被评估考虑到看到的影响。内部一致性检查和与文献中数据的比较证实了我们分析的质量。这些数据,连同光谱的系列的第二篇论文中提出的,将提供本地校准的标度关系。
从斯隆数字巡天中,使用形态学和光谱标准,选择了近9000个红移范围为0.01 < z < 0.3的早型星系样本。本文介绍了如何选择样品,提出的图像和看到校正适合所观察到的表面亮度剖面的例子,描述了我们的方法估计K-校正,并表明SDSS光谱是足够高的质量,以准确地测量速度分散。它还提供了测量的光度和光谱参数的目录。在相关的论文中,这些数据被用来研究早期星系的观测值,包括光度、有效半径、表面亮度、颜色和速度色散,是如何相互关联的。