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arXiv 0811.0834astro-ph
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来自大质量合并射电晕团的非类热X射线发射的Chandra测量

Chandra measurements of non-thermal-like X-ray emission from massive, merging, radio-halo clusters

E. T. Million, S. W. Allen

摘要:

我们报告的钱德拉X射线光谱的空间扩展,非热的发射组件的发现,为五个样本的7个大规模,合并星系团与强大的无线电晕。发射分量可以用平均光子指数在1.5 < Gamma < 2.0范围内的幂律模型拟合。一个控制样本的定期,动态松弛的集群,没有无线电晕,但具有可比的平均热温度和光度,没有令人信服的证据,类似的组件。详细的X射线谱图揭示了射电晕团复杂的热力学状态。我们对子弹星系团1 E 0657-56的最深观测表明,在这个星系团中,最强的幂律X射线发射、最高的热压和最亮的1.34 GHz射电晕发射之间存在空间相关性。我们证实了在1 E 0657-56中存在一个冲击波阵面,并报告了在Abell 2219中发现一个新的大规模冲击波阵面。我们探讨了幂律X射线成分的可能来源。这些包括反康普顿散射的宇宙微波背景光子的相对论性电子在集群;韧致辐射的超热电子库仑碰撞的能量,一个充满活力的,非热质子人口;和同步辐射与超相对论性电子。有趣的是,我们表明,幂律签名也可能是由于复杂的温度和/或金属丰度结构的集群,特别是在金属丰度梯度的存在下。在这种情况下,一个重要的区别特征之间的无线电晕集群和控制样品的主要是冷芯集群是相对较低的中央X射线表面亮度的前者。

英文摘要:

We report the discovery of spatially-extended, non-thermal-like emission components in Chandra X-ray spectra for five of a sample of seven massive, merging galaxy clusters with powerful radio halos. The emission components can be fitted by power-law models with mean photon indices in the range 1.5 < Gamma < 2.0. A control sample of regular, dynamically relaxed clusters, without radio halos but with comparable mean thermal temperatures and luminosities, shows no compelling evidence for similar components. Detailed X-ray spectral mapping reveals the complex thermodynamic states of the radio halo clusters. Our deepest observations, of the Bullet Cluster 1E 0657-56, demonstrate a spatial correlation between the strongest power-law X-ray emission, highest thermal pressure, and brightest 1.34GHz radio halo emission in this cluster. We confirm the presence of a shock front in the 1E 0657-56 and report the discovery of a new, large-scale shock front in Abell 2219. We explore possible origins for the power-law X-ray components. These include inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background photons by relativistic electrons in the clusters; bremsstrahlung from supra-thermal electrons energized by Coulomb collisions with an energetic, nonthermal proton population; and synchrotron emission associated with ultra-relativistic electrons. Interestingly, we show that the power-law signatures may also be due to complex temperature and/or metallicity structure in clusters particularly in the presence of metallicity gradients. In this case, an important distinguishing characteristic between the radio halo clusters and control sample of predominantly cool-core clusters is the relatively low central X-ray surface brightness of the former.

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