驱动主要的太阳耀斑和爆发：综述
Driving major solar flares and eruptions: a review
摘要：
这篇评论集中在激发和触发主要的太阳耀斑和通量绳不稳定的过程。特定太阳区域的数值模拟受到不确定的日冕场重建和对磁场重联知之甚少的阻碍;这些限制导致了场拓扑、能量和螺旋度的不确定估计。因此，理解场不稳定性的主要进展来自于一般数值实验与观测集解释的结合。这表明，对于产生M级或X级耀斑的许多（如果不是全部的话）活动区来说，扭曲磁通绳进入预先存在的强场是至关重要的。在决定一次喷发是否会以耀斑、局限喷发或CME为主的过程中，爆发绳的通量和内部扭曲似乎起着同样重要的作用，嵌入场的性质也是如此。基于回顾的文献，我概述了一个方案的主要耀斑和eruptions相结合的通量绳出现，质量流失，近地表重联，并与周围的领域的相互作用。确定性预测在原则上是否可能还有待观察：迄今为止，还不能做出可靠的预测。为了帮助我们更好地理解这些复杂的现象，需要对活跃区域从出现到燃烧阶段进行长时间全面观测的大样本研究。
英文摘要：
This review focuses on the processes that energize and trigger major solar flares and flux-rope destabilizations. Numerical modeling of specific solar regions is hampered by uncertain coronal-field reconstructions and by poorly understood magnetic re- connection; these limitations result in uncertain estimates of field topology, energy, and helicity. The primary advances in understanding field destabilizations therefore come from the combination of generic numerical experiments with interpretation of sets of observations. These suggest a critical role for the emergence of twisted flux ropes into pre-existing strong field for many, if not all, of the active regions that pro- duce M- or X-class flares. The flux and internal twist of the emerging ropes appear to play as important a role in determining whether an eruption will develop predom- inantly as flare, confined eruption, or CME, as do the properties of the embedding field. Based on reviewed literature, I outline a scenario for major flares and erup- tions that combines flux-rope emergence, mass draining, near-surface reconnection, and the interaction with the surrounding field. Whether deterministic forecasting is in principle possible remains to be seen: to date no reliable such forecasts can be made. Large-sample studies based on long-duration, comprehensive observations of active regions from their emergence through their flaring phase are needed to help us better understand these complex phenomena.
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