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arXiv 0811.0451physics.chem-ph
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金属-硅烷σ-配合物的成键性质

On the Nature of the Bonding in Metal-Silane sigma-Complexes

G. Sean McGrady, Peter Sirsch, Nicholas P. Chatterton, Andreas Ostermann, Carlo Gatti, Sandra Altmannshofer, Verena Herz, Georg Eickerling, Wolfgang Scherer

摘要:

金属硅烷σ键相互作用的性质已经在几个关键系统中通过一系列的实验和计算技术进行了研究。用单晶中子衍射测定了[Cp'Mn(CO)_2(η_2-HSiHPh_2)]_1的结构,其Si原子的几何构型近似于三角双锥。该配合物类似于[Cp'Mn(CO)2(eta 2-HSiFPh 2)] 2,其结构和成键特性最近已通过基于高分辨率X射线和中子衍射数据的电荷密度研究确定。在这些σ键配合物中的Si原子的几何形状进行了比较,在其他系统中含有超配位硅。溶液中1和2的Mn-H距离已经使用NMR T1弛豫测量进行了估计,在每种情况下给出了1.56(3)AA的值,与从中子衍射推导出的距离非常一致。用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算了化合物1和化合物2中Mn-H-Si单元的成键情况,以及相关体系[Cp'Mn(CO)2(η 2-HSiCl 3)] 3中的成键情况.这些研究支持了这样的想法,即硅烷配体对过渡金属中心的氧化加成可以被描述为一个不对称过程,其中Mn-H键在早期形成,而Mn-Si键的建立以及η 2-配位的Si-H部分的活化都由Mn-> σ *(X-Si-H)反馈的程度控制,其随着X取代基反式到金属配位的Si-H键的吸电子特性的增加而增加。这种离域分子轨道(MO)的方法是补充和支持相结合的实验和理论电荷密度的研究,包括源函数S(r,Ω)。

英文摘要:

The nature of metal silane sigma-bond interaction has been investigated in several key systems by a range of experimental and computational techniques. The structure of [Cp'Mn(CO)2(eta2-HSiHPh2)] 1 has been determined by single crystal neutron diffraction, and the geometry at the Si atom is shown to approximate to a trigonal bipyramid. This complex is similar to [Cp'Mn(CO)2(eta2-HSiFPh2)] 2, whose structure and bonding characteristics have recently been determined by charge density studies based on high-resolution X-ray and neutron diffraction data. The geometry at the Si atom in these sigma-bond complexes is compared with that in other systems containing hypercoordinate silicon. The Mn-H distances for 1 and 2 in solution have been estimated using NMR T1 relaxation measurements, giving a value of 1.56(3) AA in each case, in excellent agreement with the distances deduced from neutron diffraction. DFT calculations have been employed to explore the bonding in the Mn-H-Si unit in 1 and 2 and in the related system [Cp'Mn(CO)2(eta2-HSiCl3)] 3. These studies support the idea that the oxidative addition of a silane ligand to a transition metal center may be described as an asymmetric process in which the Mn-H bond is formed at an early stage, while both the establishment of the Mn-Si bond and also the activation of the eta2-coordinated Si-H moiety are controlled by the extent of Mn-> sigma*(X-Si-H) back-donation, which increases with increasing electronwithdrawing character of the X substituent trans to the metal-coordinated Si-H bond. This delocalized molecular orbital (MO) approach is complemented and supported by combined experimental and theoretical charge density studies including the source function S(r,Omega).

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